aThe Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiological survey
bThe risk score included four variables in both cohorts: male sex, parental asthma, obesity (at age 4 years in BAMSE, and at the time of the study in Puerto Rico), allergic rhinitis (at age 4 years in BAMSE, and at the time of the study in Puerto Rico), and early-life second-hand smoke (assessed at ages 1–2 years in BAMSE, and at the time of the study in Puerto Rico)
cIn the Puerto Rico cohort, the risk score included all four variables listed above, plus unhealthy diet and (in children ages 9 to 14 years) exposure to gun violence.