Table 2.
Analysis of asthma among children participating in the Puerto Rico study
| At ages 6 to 14 years (n=609) | At ages 9 to 14 years (n=426) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Odds ratio (95% confidence interval), P value | ||||
| Unadjusted | Adjustedg | Unadjusted | Adjustedg | |
| Male sex | 1.6 (1.1–2.2), <0.01 | 1.9 (1.3–2.8), <0.01 | 1.6 (1.1–2.3), <0.01 | 1.9 (1.2–3.2), <0.01 |
| Parental asthmaa | 4.5 (3.2–6.4), <0.01 | 4.6 (3.1–6.7), <0.01 | 3.9 (2.6–5.8), <0.01 | 4.5 (2.8–7.3), <0.01 |
| Obesitya | 1.3 (0.9–1.9), 0.19 | 1.6 (0.97–2.4), 0.07 | 1.5 (0.9–2.4), 0.12 | 1.7 (0.98–3.0), 0.06 |
| Allergic rhinitisc | 3.4 (1.9–6.2), <0.01 | 3.9 (1.9–7.6), <0.01 | (3.2 (1.6–6.2), <0.01 | 3.9 (1.8–8.4), <0.01 |
| Early-life second-hand smoke (SHS)d | 1.5 (1.1–2.0), 0.02 | 1.5 (1.0–2.2), 0.03 | 1.6 (1.1–2.4), 0.01 | 1.5 (0.9–2.4), 0.09 |
| Unhealthy diete | 2.1 (1.5–2.9), <0.01 | 2.3 (1.6–3.4), <0.01 | 2.7 (1.8–4.0), <0.01 | 2.9 (1.8–4.7), <0.01 |
| Heard more than two gunshots, lifetimef | – | – | 2.0 (1.3–2.9), <0.01 | 1.8 (1.1–2.9), 0.02 |
a
Paternal or maternal history of asthma
b
A body mass-index z-score >95th percentile
c
Physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis and naso-ocular symptoms apart from colds in the previous year;
d
In utero or before age 2 years
e
A diet high in dairy products, sweets, snacks and soda; and
f
Only children 9 and older answered questions on exposure to violence
g
Model adjusted for age and household income, in addition to the variables listed in each column