Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients with HF and CKD stratified by HFrEF or HFpEF status and use of ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ACEi/ARB)
| Reduced EF N=482 |
ACEi/ARB N=282 |
No ACEi/ARB N=200 |
p-values | Preserved EF N=1010 |
ACEi/ARB N=362 |
No ACEi/ARB N=648 |
p-values | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr, mean (SD) | 81.8 | 9.5 | 81.2 | 8.9 | 82.7 | 10.1 | 0.08 | 83.0 | 8.7 | 82.3 | 8.8 | 83.3 | 8.7 | 0.09 |
| Age categories | n | % | n | % | n | % | 0.02 | n | % | n | % | n | % | 0.17 |
| Age <45 | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.3 | ||
| Age 45–54 | 7 | 1.5 | 4 | 1.4 | 3 | 1.5 | 12 | 1.2 | 7 | 1.9 | 5 | 0.8 | ||
| Age 55–64 | 20 | 4.1 | 11 | 3.9 | 9 | 4.5 | 26 | 2.6 | 8 | 2.2 | 18 | 2.8 | ||
| Age 65–74 | 68 | 14.1 | 44 | 15.6 | 24 | 12.0 | 104 | 10.3 | 42 | 11.6 | 62 | 9.6 | ||
| Age 75–84 | 194 | 40.2 | 128 | 45.4 | 66 | 33.0 | 439 | 43.5 | 166 | 45.9 | 273 | 42.1 | ||
| Age ≥ 85 | 192 | 39.8 | 95 | 33.7 | 97 | 48.5 | 427 | 42.3 | 139 | 38.4 | 288 | 44.4 | ||
| Female gender | 156 | 32.4 | 93 | 33.0 | 63 | 31.5 | 0.73 | 564 | 55.8 | 183 | 50.6 | 381 | 58.8 | 0.01 |
| Race | 0.38 | 0.27 | ||||||||||||
| White | 406 | 84.2 | 242 | 85.8 | 164 | 82.0 | 857 | 84.9 | 312 | 86.2 | 545 | 84.1 | ||
| Black/African Am. | 15 | 3.1 | 10 | 3.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 33 | 3.3 | 9 | 2.5 | 24 | 3.7 | ||
| Asian | 27 | 5.6 | 12 | 4.3 | 15 | 7.5 | 34 | 3.4 | 14 | 3.9 | 20 | 3.1 | ||
| Native Hawaiian | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 0.7 | 4 | 1.1 | 3 | 0.5 | ||
| Other | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.2 | ||
| Missing/Unknown | 33 | 6.8 | 17 | 6.0 | 16 | 8.0 | 76 | 7.5 | 21 | 5.8 | 55 | 8.5 | ||
| Medical History | ||||||||||||||
| Prevalent HF | 201 | 41.7 | 85 | 30.1 | 116 | 58.0 | <0.001 | 505 | 50.0 | 137 | 37.8 | 368 | 56.8 | <0.001 |
| AMI | 49 | 10.2 | 21 | 7.4 | 28 | 14.0 | 0.02 | 69 | 6.8 | 19 | 5.2 | 50 | 7.7 | 0.14 |
| Unstable angina | 12 | 2.5 | 7 | 2.5 | 5 | 2.5 | 0.99 | 37 | 3.7 | 13 | 3.6 | 24 | 3.7 | 0.93 |
| CABG | 13 | 2.7 | 6 | 2.1 | 7 | 3.5 | 0.36 | 29 | 2.9 | 14 | 3.9 | 15 | 2.3 | 0.16 |
| PCI | 33 | 6.8 | 12 | 4.3 | 21 | 10.5 | 0.008 | 45 | 4.5 | 11 | 3.0 | 34 | 5.2 | 0.1 |
| Stroke/TIA | 33 | 6.8 | 13 | 4.6 | 20 | 10.0 | 0.02 | 92 | 9.1 | 32 | 8.8 | 60 | 9.3 | 0.82 |
| Other thromboembolic | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.23 | 9 | 0.9 | 3 | 0.8 | 6 | 0.9 | 0.87 |
| AF or flutter | 169 | 35.1 | 94 | 33.3 | 75 | 37.5 | 0.34 | 477 | 47.2 | 150 | 41.4 | 327 | 50.5 | 0.006 |
| V tach or V fib | 13 | 2.7 | 4 | 1.4 | 9 | 4.5 | 0.04 | 13 | 1.3 | 1 | 0.3 | 12 | 1.9 | 0.03 |
| Mitral and/or AV disease | 74 | 15.4 | 39 | 13.8 | 35 | 17.5 | 0.27 | 247 | 24.5 | 84 | 23.2 | 163 | 25.2 | 0.49 |
| PAD | 40 | 8.3 | 20 | 7.1 | 20 | 10.0 | 0.25 | 99 | 9.8 | 28 | 7.7 | 71 | 11.0 | 0.1 |
| Rheumatic heart | 22 | 4.6 | 11 | 3.9 | 11 | 5.5 | 0.41 | 35 | 3.5 | 13 | 3.6 | 22 | 3.4 | 0.87 |
| ICD | 13 | 2.7 | 4 | 1.4 | 9 | 4.5 | 0.04 | 4 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 0.6 | 0.13 |
| Pacemaker | 43 | 8.9 | 22 | 7.8 | 21 | 10.5 | 0.31 | 65 | 6.4 | 21 | 5.8 | 44 | 6.8 | 0.54 |
| Dyslipidemia | 251 | 52.1 | 142 | 50.4 | 109 | 54.5 | 0.37 | 536 | 53.1 | 195 | 53.9 | 341 | 52.6 | 0.7 |
| Hypertension | 303 | 62.9 | 167 | 59.2 | 136 | 68.0 | 0.05 | 800 | 79.2 | 284 | 78.5 | 516 | 79.6 | 0.66 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 85 | 17.6 | 43 | 15.2 | 42 | 21.0 | 0.1 | 186 | 18.4 | 62 | 17.1 | 124 | 19.1 | 0.43 |
| Hospitalized bleeds | 26 | 5.4 | 11 | 3.9 | 15 | 7.5 | 0.08 | 85 | 8.4 | 20 | 5.5 | 65 | 10.0 | 0.01 |
| Dx dementia | 49 | 10.2 | 25 | 8.9 | 24 | 12.0 | 0.26 | 130 | 12.9 | 37 | 10.2 | 93 | 14.4 | 0.06 |
| Dx depression | 58 | 12.0 | 35 | 12.4 | 23 | 11.5 | 0.76 | 170 | 16.8 | 68 | 18.8 | 102 | 15.7 | 0.22 |
| Lung disease | 154 | 32.0 | 81 | 28.7 | 73 | 36.5 | 0.07 | 438 | 43.4 | 144 | 39.8 | 294 | 45.4 | 0.09 |
| Liver disease | 18 | 3.7 | 6 | 2.1 | 12 | 6.0 | 0.03 | 31 | 3.1 | 9 | 2.5 | 22 | 3.4 | 0.42 |
| Fall | 18 | 3.7 | 10 | 3.5 | 8 | 4.0 | 0.8 | 53 | 5.2 | 15 | 4.1 | 38 | 5.9 | 0.24 |
| Systemic cancer | 42 | 8.7 | 23 | 8.2 | 19 | 9.5 | 0.61 | 92 | 9.1 | 23 | 6.4 | 69 | 10.6 | 0.02 |
Native Hawaiian includes Other Pacific Islanders
HF = Heart failure; AMI = Acute myocardial infraction; CABG= Coronary artery bypass graft surgery; PCI= Percutaneous coronary intervention; TIA = Transient ischemic attack; AF = Atrial fibrillation; V tach/V fib = Ventricular tachycardia/Ventricular fibrillation; AV = Aortic valve; PAD = Peripheral arterial disease; ICD = Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; Dx = Diagnosed