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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Public Health. 2017 Nov;2(11):e513–e521. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30195-0

Table 2. Geometric means (GMs) and geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of urine dimethylarsinate (DMA) and total arsenic recalibrated to reflect non-dietary and non-smoking sources of arsenic among Mexican-Americans using public water (N=1569).

Recalibrated urine DMA and total arsenic were obtained from residuals regressing each log-transformed arsenic variable (DMA and total arsenic) on smoking status (never/ever/current), natural log-transformed arsenobetaine, and natural log-transformed intake of rice, cereals, juices, wine, chicken, and turkey in g/kg bodyweight/day (See Methods). Geometric means were further adjusted for age, education, and body mass index. P for trend was estimated by entering each NHANES 2-year cycle in the model as an ordinal variable.

Dimethylarsinate (DMA) Total arsenic
N Geometric Mean Geometric Mean Ratio Geometric Mean Geometric Mean Ratio
2003/2004 257 4.06 (3.93, 4.19) 1 (reference) 6.05 (5.86, 6.24) 1 (reference)
2005/2006 300 3.37 (3.27, 3.49) 0.83 (0.70, 0.98) 5.23 (5.07, 5.40) 0.87 (0.75, 1.00)
2007/2008 263 3.67 (3.55, 3.79) 0.90 (0.75, 1.09) 5.79 (5.61, 5.98) 0.96 (0.82, 1.12)
2009/2010 327 3.23 (3.12, 3.33) 0.79 (0.66, 0.95) 5.39 (5.22, 5.57) 0.89 (0.78, 1.01)
2011/2012 160 2.69 (2.60, 2.78) 0.66 (0.54, 0.81) 3.54 (3.43, 3.65) 0.59 (0.52, 0.66)
2013/2014 262 2.58 (2.50, 2.67) 0.64 (0.54, 0.75) 3.18 (3.08, 3.28) 0.53 (0.46, 0.60)
P for trend P<0.01 P<0.01