Table 3.

Reference ranges in females

Females	All (n = 89)	20–29 (n = 16)			30–39 (n = 18)			40–49 (n = 17)			50–59 (n = 20)			60–69 (n = 18)
	Mean ± SD	Lower	Mean	Upper	Lower	Mean	Upper	Lower	Mean	Upper	Lower	Mean	Upper	Lower	Mean	Upper
LV Trabeculation
Global FD	1.195 ± 0.029	1.133, 1.146	1.190	1.232, 1.247	1.134, 1.149	1.191	1.234, 1.249	1.136, 1.150	1.193	1.236, 1.250	1.138, 1.152	1.195	1.238, 1.252	1.140, 1.154	1.197	1.240, 1.254
Mean Apical FD	1.197 ± 0.044	1.109, 1.131	1.197	1.264, 1.286	1.109, 1.131	1.197	1.263, 1.286	1.108, 1.131	1.197	1.263, 1.285	1.108, 1.130	1.197	1.263, 1.285	1.108, 1.130	1.196	1.263, 1.285
Max Apical FD	1.261 ± 0.045	1.174, 1.197	1.265	1.333, 1.355	1.173, 1.196	1.263	1.331, 1.354	1.172, 1.194	1.262	1.330, 1.353	1.170, 1.193	1.261	1.329, 1.351	1.169, 1.191	1.259	1.327, 1.350
Global myocardial strain
Circumferential, %	-22.8 ± 2.6	−15.0, -16.3	−20.2	−24.1, -25.4	−16.0, -17.3	−21.2	−25.1, -26.4	−17.1, -18.4	−22.2	−26.1, -27.4	−18.1, -19.4	−23.3	−27.1, -28.4	−19.1, -20.4	−24.3	−28.2, -29.5
Radial, %	53.9 ± 10.5	23.8, 29.1	44.8	60.6, 65.8	27.4, 32.7	48.5	64.2, 69.5	31.1, 36.3	52.1	67.8, 73.1	34.7, 39.9	55.7	71.5, 76.7	38.3, 43.6	59.3	75.1, 80.3
Longitudinal, %	−21.2 ± 2.4	−16.9, -17.9	−21.1	−24.2, -25.3	−17.0, -18.0	−21.2	−24.3, -25.4	−17.1, -18.2	−21.3	−24.5, -25.5	−17.3, -18.3	−21.5	−24.6, -25.7	−17.4, -18.4	−21.6	−24.7, -25.8

Upper and lower limits reflect indeterminate regions (95% CIs of reference limits)