Table 4. Predictive factors of early TACE refractoriness in 177 HCC patientsa treated with TACE.
| Factors | Patients with early TACE refractoriness (n = 81) | Patients without early TACE refractoriness (n = 96) | Univariate analyses | Multivariate analyses | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Gender (male) | 67 (82.7) | 65 (67.7) | 2.28 (1.11–4.68)b | 0.024b | 1.39 (0.57–3.36) | 0.468 |
| Age, yr (≥ 55) | 56.8 (10.9) | 61.4 (9.6) | 0.33 (0.17–0.61)b | 0.001b | 0.34 (0.15–0.75) | 0.008 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 11 (13.6) | 21 (21.9) | 0.56 (0.25–1.25) | 0.561 | ||
| HBeAg positivity | 31 (38.8) | 47 (49.5) | 0.64 (0.35–1.18) | 0.156 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 73 (90.1) | 95 (99.0) | 0.10 (0.01–0.79)b | 0.029b | ||
| Child-Pugh class (B/C) | 5.5 (1.3) | 5.6 (1.2) | 0.70 (0.30–1.65) | 0.420 | ||
| Platelet, ×109/L (< 100) | 158.9 (85.8) | 114.2 (65.1) | 0.41 (0.22–0.78)b | 0.007b | 0.68 (0.31–1.51) | 0.340 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 (0.7) | 1.1 (1.1) | 0.91 (0.64–1.31) | 0.625 | ||
| Albumin, g/L | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.7 (0.6) | 0.90 (0.53–1.52) | 0.698 | ||
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.1 (0.8) | 1.1 (0.8) | 0.95 (0.66–1.38) | 0.791 | ||
| ALT, U/L | 54.0 (44.7) | 51.5 (70.1) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.785 | ||
| INR | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.17 (0.20–6.80) | 0.863 | ||
| AFP (> 400 ng/mL) | 6,310.2 (15,605.4) | 432.2 (1,440.4) | 4.17 (2.00–8.70)b | 0.000b | 2.25 (0.95–5.30) | 0.063 |
| HBV DNA, log10 IU/mL | 4.5 (2.0) | 3.8 (2.1) | 1.20 (1.04–1.39)b | 0.015b | 1.05 (0.87–1.25) | 0.627 |
| Tumor number (≥ 2) | 2.9 (1.8) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.93 (1.05–3.52)b | 0.033b | 1.45 (0.67–3.13) | 0.340 |
| Tumor size (≥ 2 cm) | 6.2 (3.2) | 3.0 (2.1) | 6.58 (2.41–17.96)b | 0.000b | 4.62 (1.50–14.21)b | 0.008b |
| Macrovascular invasion | 23 (28.4) | 5 (5.2) | 7.22 (2.60–20.05)b | 0.000b | 3.80 (1.19–12.20)b | 0.025b |
| miRNA-21 (≥ 2.5) | 7.4 (12.4) | 4.4 (7.6) | 1.78 (0.97–3.25) | 0.062 | 1.23 (0.57–2.66) | 0.591 |
| miRNA-26a (≥ 1.5) | 7.2 (34.3) | 2.5 (2.8) | 2.12 (1.16–3.89)b | 0.015b | 3.17 (0.34–29.75) | 0.313 |
| miRNA-29a (< 0.4) | 0.31 (0.31) | 0.38 (0.29) | 2.12 (1.14–3.91)b | 0.017b | 0.53 (0.05–5.29) | 0.590 |
| miRNA-panel (all 3 met or not) | 2.72 (1.41–5.23)b | 0.003b | 2.32 (1.08–4.99)b | 0.031b | ||
Values are presented as number (%) or HR (95% CI).
TACE = transarterial chemoembolization, HCC = hepatocellular carcinoma, HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, HBeAg = hepatitis B e antigen, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, INR = international normalized ratio, AFP = alpha-fetoprotein, HBV = hepatitis B virus, miRNA = microRNA.
aTACE refractoriness was assessable in 161 patients; bP < 0.05.