Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population. Values are median (25 75interquartile range) or absolute numbers and percentage (%)
| Clinical variables(median/interquartile range or %) | Studied patient groups | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 55) | mild ALVDD (n = 169) | HFpEF (n = 77) | ||
| Age (years) | 54 (48-61) | 66 (58-71) | 73 (68-77) | < 0.001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 (24.1-29.1) | 27.8 (25.6-32.3) | 27.5 (25.7-32.0) | 0.001* |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 98 (86-107) | 102 (94-114) | 102 (98-111) | 0.002* |
| Hip circumference(cm) | 98 (94-103) | 103 (96-111) | 105 (98-114) | 0.003* |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 125 (110-136) | 134 (127-140) | 136 (130-140) | 0.001* |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80 (70-80) | 80 (76-84) | 80 (72-84) | 0.12 |
| Resting HR (beats/min) | 70 (68-76) | 72 (69-76) | 70 (65-76) | 0.51 |
| CAD, n (%) | 21 (38,2) | 99 (58,6) | 49 (63,6) | 0.009* |
| CABG, n (%) | 1 (2.0) | 5 (3.0) | 9 (11.7) | 0.007* |
| PCI, n (%) | 15 (27.3) | 75 (44.4) | 33 (42.9) | 0.074 |
| History of MI, n (%) | 8 (14.5) | 36 (21.3) | 17 (22.1) | 0.501 |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 1 (2.0) | 5 (3.0) | 3 (3.9) | 0.824 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Treated hypertension, n (%) | 38 (69.1) | 148 (88.1) | 73 (96.1) | < 0.001* |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4 (7.3) | 45 (26.6) | 22 (28,6) | < 0.001* |
| Medication | ||||
| ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 26 (47.3) | 110 (65.1) | 42 (54.5) | 0.042* |
| AT1 receptor blocker, n (%) | 6 (10.9) | 17 (10.1) | 23 (29.9) | < 0.001* |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 8 (14.5) | 45 (26.6) | 36 (49.8) | < 0.001* |
| Ca2 blocker, n (%) | 6 (10.9) | 23 (13.6) | 21 (27.3) | 0.013* |
| Β-blocker, n (%) | 28 (50.9) | 103 (60.9) | 57 (74.0) | 0.021* |
*
statistically significant (p < 0.05). BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; HR: heart rate; CAD: coronary artery disease; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; MI: myocardial infarction; DF: diastolic function; ALVDD: left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; NS: non-significant. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to analyze differences between the medians of two groups and the Kruskal-Wallis test to test the equality of medians among more than two distinct groups.