Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| PD | Controls | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Age (years) | 66.6 | 6 | 69 | 6 | 0.026 |
| Years of education | 15.9 | 3 | 16.4 | 2 | n.s. |
| Percent male | 76% | — | 67% | — | n.s. |
| Years with symptomsa | 7.99 | 6 | — | — | — |
| UPDRS Motor Score on Medication a | 20.4 | 11 | — | — | — |
| Levodopa equivalency dose a | 757 | 449 | — | — | — |
| Percent right side onset a | 55% | — | — | — | — |
| Framingham 10-year CVD Risk | 24.4 | 14 | 27.8 | 14 | n.s. |
| Proportion LA volume / WM volume | 0.008 | 0.01 | 0.012 | 0.01 | 0.043 |
| Executive function Z-score composite | −0.24 | 0.7 | 0.13 | 0.7 | 0.004 |
| Processing speed Z-Score composite | −0.52 | 0.6 | −0.12 | 0.6 | <.001 |
| Verbal Recall Z-Score composite | −0.05 | 0.9 | 0.51 | 0.9 | 0.001 |
| Language Z-Score composite | 0.35 | 0.8 | 0.74 | 0.7 | 0.006 |
| Attention Z-Score composite | 0.36 | 0.7 | 0.52 | 0.9 | n.s. |
| BDI-II | 8.9 | 6 | 3.2 | 5 | <.001 |
| Apathy Scale | 10.7 | 6 | 8.9 | 4 | <.001 |
| STAI-Trait Anxiety | 34.4 | 10 | 29.9 | 8 | <.001 |
a
Subsample of PD patients only.
UPDRS = Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; CVD = cardiovascular disease; LA = leukoaraiosis; WM = white matter.