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. 2016 Nov 30;24(5):227–231. doi: 10.1159/000452869

Table 1.

The differential diagnosis in nonhealing or atypical chronic anal fissures [1, 2, 15]

Chronic idiopathic anal fissure

Sexually transmitted disease: herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea, granuloma inguinale, chancroid, chlamydia, candidiasis

Other infections: tuberculosis, Streptococcus spp.

Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease

Malignancy: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, melanoma or other skin tumors, Paget's disease, histiocytosis, anal metastasis, leukemia

Dermatosis: anal eczema, Lichen sclerosus, Lichen planus, Behçet disease

Chemotherapy

Idiopathic anogenital ulceration in HIV

Trauma