Table 2.

The independent association between tobacco use and respiratory health and sleep-related symptoms (adjusted OR (95% CI))

	Tobacco users
	Snus users (n=2265)	Smokers (n=3136)	Smokers and snus users (n=597)
Asthma	1.51 (1.28 to 1.77)	0.96 (0.82 to 1.13)	0.93 (0.65 to 1.33)
Asthmatic symptoms
Wheezing	1.50 (1.33 to 1.69)	2.89 (2.64 to 3.17)	2.09 (1.71 to 2.55)
Wheezing and breathlessness	1.42 (1.23 to 1.65)	2.11 (1.89 to 2.37)	1.46 (1.12 to 1.90)
Wheezing without having a cold	1.50 (1.30 to 1.73)	2.67 (2.40 to 2.98)	2.17 (1.73 to 2.73)
Night-time chest tightness	1.21 (1.05 to 1.40)	1.57 (1.40 to 1.75)	1.43 (1.12 to 1.82)
Night-time attacks of breathlessness	1.02 (0.83 to 1.24)	1.44 (1.24 to 1.67)	1.58 (1.16 to 2.13)
Night-time coughing	1.10 (0.99 to 1.23)	1.79 (1.64 to 1.94)	1.79 (1.49 to 2.15)
Chronic bronchitis	1.19 (1.03 to 1.37)	2.39 (2.16 to 2.65)	1.85 (1.48 to 2.31)
Allergic rhinitis	1.17 (1.05 to 1.30)	1.01 (0.91 to 1.11)	0.92 (0.75 to 1.13)
Chronic rhinosinusitis	1.28 (1.09 to 1.50)	1.78 (1.57 to 2.02)	1.78 (1.38 to 2.29)
Sleeping problems
Snoring	1.41 (1.25 to 1.58)	1.78 (1.60 to 1.97)	2.16 (1.77 to 2.63)
DIS	1.76 (1.56 to 1.99)	1.98 (1.79 to 2.19)	2.95 (2.43 to 3.58)
DMS	0.74 (0.66 to 0.83)	0.97 (0.88 to 1.06)	0.91 (0.75 to 1.12)
EDS	1.18 (1.07 to 1.31)	1.29 (1.19 to 1.41)	1.38 (1.16 to 1.65)
EMA	0.87 (0.76 to 1.00)	1.14 (1.03 to 1.27)	0.91 (0.70 to 1.17)
Use of hypnotics	1.33 (1.07 to 1.65)	2.08 (1.81 to 2.39)	2.77 (2.05 to 3.74)

Associations with a p value of <0.05 are marked as bold.

Adjusted for gender, age, BMI, centre, educational level and physical activity.

BMI, body mass index; DIS, difficulty initiating sleep; DMS, difficulty maintaining sleep; EDS, excessive daytime sleepiness; EMA, early morning awakening at least three to five nights/week.