Table 3.

Mean 90% inhibitory concentration and standard deviation of oseltamivir, DANA, artocarpin, and katsumadain A against three reference strains and six clinical isolates in broth microdilution and biofilm assay as well as bactericidal concentrations.

90% minimal inhibitory concentration (µM) a
compound	DSM20566	D39	DSM14378	CJ9400	CF6937	BC7326	CF8919	PN8828	BC57
rifampicin	0.041 ± 0.011	0.021 ± 0.002	0.031 ± 0.023	0.032 ± 0.030	0.034 ± 0.028	0.016 ± 0.005	0.009 ± 0.001	0.005 ± 0.001	0.012 ± 0.002
oseltamivir, zanamivir, DANA, katsumadain A	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50
artocarpin	5.58 ± 0.97	1.29 ± 0.31	5.75 ± 0.13	3.45 ± 2.05	3.39 ± 2.10	1.12 ± 0.37	1.45 ± 0.01	0.99 ± 0.48	1.45 ± 0.04
90% minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (µM) a
rifampicin	0.049 ± 0.030	0.013 ± 0.002	0.014 ± 0.008	0.003 ± 0.001	0.020 ± 0.002	0.016 ± 0.010	0.006 ± 0.004	0.011 ± 0.007	0.012 ± 0.001
oseltamivir, zanamivir, DANA, katsumadain A	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50
artocarpin	2.88 ± 0.07	2.22 ± 0.76	2.37 ± 0.67	2.97 ± 0.13	2.73 ± 0.27	2.02 ± 0.62	1.15 ± 0.34	1.40 ± 0.07	2.35 ± 0.68
Bactericidal concentration (µM) b
rifampicin	1.97 ± 1.23	0.22 ± 0.09	0.14 ± 0.06	0.23 ± 0.16	0.05 ± 0.03	0.08 ± 0.03	not studied	not studied	not studied
oseltamivir, zanamivir, DANA, katsumadain A	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	> 50	not studied	not studied	not studied
artocarpin	3.13 ± 0.00	2.50 ± 0.77	4.69 ± 1.98	2.74 ± 0.68	3.44 ± 1.53	3.32 ± 1.94	not studied	not studied	not studied

^aThe IC₅₀ values and standard deviations were calculated of at least three independent tests with each concentration tested in duplicate.

^bThe bactericidal concentrations were calculated of at least two independent tests.