Table 2.

Effect of Time and Gender on Spirituality and Religiousness during Shorter-Term and Longer-Term Recovery

		Shorter-Term Recovery (Baseline to 6 Months)							Longer-Term Recovery (6 Months to 30 Months)
		Estimate	Standard Error	df	t	p	95% Confidence Interval		Estimate	Standard Error	df	t	p	95% Confidence Interval
							lower	upper						lower	upper
Positive Religious Coping	gender	1.08	1.16	149.57	0.93	0.356	−1.22	3.38	1.32	0.82	133.19	1.62	0.108	−0.29	2.94
	time	0.75	0.50	139.24	1.48	0.140	−0.25	1.74	0.08	0.13	121.03	0.60	0.546	−0.18	0.33
	gender*time	1.06	1.04	134.18	1.02	0.311	−1.00	3.11	−0.04	0.27	115.74	−0.16	0.876	−0.58	0.49
Negative Religious Coping	gender	−1.35	0.57	151.85	−2.37	0.019	−2.48	−0.23	−0.02	0.39	137.09	−0.05	0.961	−0.79	0.75
	time	−1.04	0.28	143.12	−3.67	0.000	−1.60	−0.48	−0.18	0.07	116.07	−2.70	0.008	−0.31	−0.05
	gender*time	0.57	0.57	138.14	1.00	0.321	−0.56	1.71	0.01	0.14	109.28	0.09	0.929	−0.26	0.29
Spiritual/Religious Practices	gender	1.44	1.07	151.22	1.35	0.178	−0.66	3.55	0.69	0.68	127.77	1.02	0.312	−0.66	2.04
	time	1.87	0.42	139.92	4.47	0.000	1.04	2.69	−0.12	0.10	122.33	−1.15	0.252	−0.32	0.08
	gender*time	0.80	0.87	135.31	0.92	0.360	−0.92	2.52	−0.28	0.21	115.67	−1.31	0.194	−0.69	0.14
Daily Spiritual Experiences	gender	4.57	2.58	150.95	1.77	0.079	−0.54	9.67	2.69	1.69	133.58	1.59	0.114	−0.66	6.04
	time	3.21	0.94	139.01	3.42	0.001	1.35	5.06	0.35	0.25	116.49	1.40	0.163	−0.14	0.84
	gender*time	2.79	1.92	134.24	1.46	0.148	−1.00	6.58	−0.29	0.52	110.54	−0.56	0.579	−1.31	0.74
Purpose in Life	gender	3.46	2.83	146.70	1.22	0.224	−2.14	9.06	0.38	2.19	126.05	0.18	0.861	−3.96	4.73
	time	4.15	1.21	136.94	3.43	0.001	1.76	6.54	0.79	0.30	108.01	2.67	0.009	0.20	1.38
	gender*time	−0.32	2.48	132.21	−0.13	0.899	−5.23	4.60	−0.63	0.62	101.51	−1.01	0.317	−1.86	0.61
Forgiveness of Others	gender	1.14	0.51	149.38	2.23	0.028	0.13	2.16	0.65	0.41	130.85	1.58	0.117	−0.16	1.46
	time	0.37	0.22	138.23	1.66	0.100	−0.07	0.81	0.16	0.05	112.89	3.39	0.001	0.06	0.25
	gender*time	0.38	0.47	133.84	0.82	0.411	−0.54	1.31	0.02	0.10	108.23	0.18	0.860	−0.18	0.21
Forgiveness of Self	gender	−0.14	0.59	151.61	−0.24	0.810	−1.31	1.02	0.02	0.46	131.81	0.05	0.957	−0.88	0.93
	time	1.13	0.25	140.16	4.59	0.000	0.64	1.62	0.16	0.06	114.24	2.60	0.011	0.04	0.27
	gender*time	−0.30	0.52	135.67	−0.58	0.566	−1.33	0.73	0.31	0.12	106.69	2.57	0.012	0.07	0.55

Notes. Each set of three rows represents the main effects of gender (female=1, male=0), the main effects of time, and the interaction between gender and time as predictors of the spirituality outcome. All models controlled for baseline age, education, drinks per drinking day and Alcoholics Anonymous Involvement. Bold type indicates statistical significance at p < .05. df = degrees of freedom. t=t statistic. p=significance level.