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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 14.
Published in final edited form as: Glia. 2016 Feb 26;64(10):1628–1645. doi: 10.1002/glia.22967

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Sodium channel blockade reduces effector functions of microglia (A) Spinal cords from control, EAE, and phenytoin-treated EAE mice were immunostained with anti-CD45 (green) and anti-OX-42 (blue) antibodies. There is a notable increase in the number of immune cells within spinal cords from mice with EAE (middle) compared to control (left), and mice treated with phenytoin (right) exhibit a marked reduction of inflammatory infiltrate. [Modified from Craner et al. (2005)]. (B) LPS-stimulated microglia (red) exhibit marked phagocytosis of fluorescent-labeled latex beads (yellow) which is attenuated by incubation with 0.3 μm TTX and phenytoin (phen). (C) Microglia exhibit limited migration through the trans-well membrane in astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) only; in contrast, ATP stimulates a large number of microglia to migrate which is attenuated by both phenytoin and 0.3 μM TTX. [Modified from Black et al. (2009)].