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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Jul 29;83(1):9–17. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.07.014

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Effects of vicarious defeat stress (VDS) on despair- and anxiety-related behavior in female c57BL/6 mice. (A) Exposure to VDS increased sensitivity to the tail suspension test. Specifically, 24 h after stress exposure, female mice exposed to emotional/psychological stress (ES, n=11) displayed increased total immobility (p<0.05), when compared to controls (CON, n=9). (B) When exposed to the anxiogenic environment of the elevated plus-maze, 24 h post VDS exposure, ES female mice (n=11) spent significantly less time in the open arms of the maze, when compared to CON (n=12; p<0.05). Data are presented as mean + SEM. *Indicates p<0.05 when compared to CON.