Extended Data Table 1.
Estimates of dipole moments associated with conformational changes
| Conformational change | Transition dipole moment (eÅ) | Electric field required for 1 kBT bias (MV/cm) |
|---|---|---|
| 180° flip of a water molecule46 | 0.8 | 3.3 |
| 180° flip of a peptide bond46 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
| Rotamer flip of a protonated histidine | 5.0 | 0.5 |
| 20° turn of a 3-turn α helix dipole46 | 5.3 | 0.5 |
| 2-ion hop in the KcsA channel49 | 7.0 | 0.4 |
| GPCR gating (net, m2R receptor) | ~20 | ~0.13 |
| Gating of a K+ channel50 | ~100 | ~0.03 |
Transition dipole moments were estimated based on the indicated references and for the histidine side chain based on measurements in PyMOL. Shown is the electric field required to bias a conformational equilibrium by 1kBT with the electric field applied parallel to the transition dipole moment.