Figure 5. Direct actions of antibiotic treatment on immune cells inhibit phagocytic killing.
(A) Changes in macrophage oxygen consumption rate in control (CTL) and cells pre-treated for 3 h with cipro, following electron transport chain uncoupling by 2 μM oligomycin, 1 μM FCCP and 0.5 μM rotenone + antimycin A.
(B) Changes in respiratory capacity following cipro pre-treatment.
(C) Pathogen engulfment by control (CTL) or macrophages treated with 20 μg/mL cipro (ABX), 10 mM amp (amp) or their combination (ABX + amp).
(D) Pathogen survival in CTL, ABX, amp or ABX + amp macrophages.
(E) Phagocytic killing by CTL, ABX, amp or ABX + amp macrophages.
Data are represented as mean ± SEM from n ≥ 3 independent biological replicates. Significance reported as FDR-corrected p-values within the indicated comparisons: *: p ≤ 0.05, **: p ≤ 0.01, ****: p ≤ 0.0001.