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. 2017 Dec 14;7:17600. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17928-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HSEC represent a major cell type expressing SCARF-1 in CLD. (a) Representative images of dual colour immunofluorescent staining on chronically diseased (ALD and PSC) liver for SCARF-1 (green) and endothelial marker CD31 (top left panel), activated stellate cell marker α-SMA (smooth muscle actin; top middle panel), fibroblast marker CD90 (top right panel), macrophage marker CD68 (bottom left panel), hepatocyte marker CK18 (bottom middle panel) and biliary epithelial marker EpCAM (bottom right panel). Insets show magnification of SCARF-1 and cell-specific markers. Scale bar = 50 µm. Inset scale bar = 10 µm. (b) SCARF-1 mRNA expression in isolated human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and activated liver myofibroblasts (aLMFs). ****Indicates statistical significance where p ≤ 0.001. n = 5–10 in each group. (c) Representative images of dual colour immunofluorescent staining of SCARF-1 (green) and CD4 (red) in normal liver (NL) and chronically diseased livers (PSC and PBC). Scale bar = 250 µm. White dashed lines delineate sites of intensity measurements. (b) Intensity measurements of immunofluorescent staining shown in (a). Black arrows indicate areas of stronf co-localisation of SCARF-1 (green) and CD4 (red).