Table 2.
Bioaccessible concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the fresh market vegetables in the gastric, small intestinal, and colon phases (n = 3).
| Samples | Cu | Fe | Mn | Zn | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | LT-G | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.1 |
| LT-I | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | |
| LT-C | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 7.0 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | |
| PC-G | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | |
| PC-I | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | |
| PC-C | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 6.7 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | |
| CL-G | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | |
| CL-I | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | |
| CL-C | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | |
| LL-G | 0.5 ± 0.0 | 7.4 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | |
| LL-I | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 1.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | |
| LL-C | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 8.0 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | |
| M2 | LT-G | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 7.2 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.4 |
| LT-I | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 7.5 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | |
| LT-C | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 9.4 ± 1.4 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | |
| PC-G | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 7.1 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | |
| PC-I | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 6.8 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | |
| PC-C | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 6.2 ± 1.0 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | |
| CL-G | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | |
| CL-I | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 6.1 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | |
| CL-C | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | |
| LL-G | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 6.9 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | |
| LL-I | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 6.3 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | |
| LL-C | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 6.2 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 3.5 ± 0.6 | |
| M3 | LT-G | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 |
| LT-I | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | |
| LT-C | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | |
| PC-G | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | |
| PC-I | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | |
| PC-C | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 4.8 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | |
| CL-G | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | |
| CL-I | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | |
| CL-C | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | |
| LL-G | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 4.1 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | |
| LL-I | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | |
| LL-C | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | |
| M4 | LT-G | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.6 |
| LT-I | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | |
| LT-C | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | |
| PC-G | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | |
| PC-I | 0.3 ± 0.0 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | |
| PC-C | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | |
| CL-G | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | |
| CL-I | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | |
| CL-C | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 1.5 | |
| LL-G | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | |
| LL-I | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | |
| LL-C | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | |
M1, M2, M3, and M4: markets 1–4.
LT: lettuce; PC: pak choi; CL: cole; LL: leaf lettuce.
G, I, and C represent the gastric, small intestinal, and colon phase, respectively.
Values are mean ± SD (mg/kg).