. 2015 Apr 16;2(2):92–101. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2015.04.013

Table 2.

Literature reviewing the acute urodynamic effects of TENS.

First author year	Diagnosis	n	Site	Stimulus pulse parameters			Study details	Urodynamic outcome
First author year	Diagnosis	n	Site	Frequency	Pulse width	Intensity	Study details	Urodynamic outcome
Hasan et al., 1996 [12]	IDI	36	PTN suprapubic	50 Hz	200 μs	Tickling sensation	Part of the large study	No significant difference in any of the parameters
Hasan et al., 1996 [12]	IDI	59	S₂–S₃ T₁₂ (sham) control	50 Hz	200 μs	Tickling sensation	3 groups, sham, control	MCC significantly increased in S₂–S₃ stimulation in compare to sham and control
Bower et al., 1998 [23]	DI, SU	79	Sacral	10 Hz	200 μs	Max. tolerable sensation	3 groups, sham	increased Max. DP and FDV
			Suprapubic	150 Hz	200 μs	Max. tolerable sensation		increased Max. DP and FDV
			Sham	No stimulation				increased MCC in SU pts.
Walsh et al., 2001 [29]	IDI, SU, DH (SCI, MS)	146	Perianal dermatomes	10 Hz	200 μs	–	Control group	FDV (p = 0.002) and MCC (p = 0.0009) improved in compare to control
Amarenco et al., 2003 [37]	MS, SCI, PD, IDI	44	PTN	10 Hz	200 μs	Below motor response	Acute effect	48% (21/44) increased volume at FIDC, 34% (15/44) increased MCC
Fjorback et al., 2007 [30]	MS	12	Sacral	20 Hz	500 μs	50–60 mA	Conditional stimulation	0/12 were able to supressed detrusor contraction
Fjorback et al., 2007 [30]	MS	12	DPN	20 Hz	500 μs	50–60 mA	Conditional stimulation	10/12 were able to supressed detrusor contraction

DH, detrusor hyperreflexia; DI, detrusor instability; DPN, dorsal penile/clitoral nerve; FDV, first desire to void; FIDC, first involuntary detrusor contraction; IDI, idiopathic detrusor instability; MCC, maximum of cystometry capacity; MS, multiple sclerosis; PD, Parkinson's diseases; PTN, posterior tibial nerve; SCI, spinal cord injury; SU, sensory urgency.