Table 3.
Review of robotic ureteral reimplantation in children.
| Author | No. of patients | Mean age (year) | Operative indication | Surgical approach | Operative ports | Mean operative time (min) | Hospital stay (day) | Complications | Mean follow-up (week) | Success rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peters and Woo, 2005 [39] | 6 | 10 | Bilateral VUR | Intravesical cohen cross-trigonal | 3 (12 mm bladder dome, 2 × 8 mm operative) | Not reported | Range given: 2–4 | Urine leak (1) | Not given | 83 |
| Marchini et al., 2011 [40] | 19 | 9.9 | Unilateral (2)/bilateral (17) VUR | Bilateral intravesical (Glenn-anderson or Cohen) and extravesical | Not reported | 232.6 | 1.8 | Pain score >2 (8), bladder spasms (2), urinary retention (1), bladder leak (4) | 84.3 | 92 |
| Smith et al., 2011 [36] | 25 | 5.75 | Unilateral (17)/bilateral (8) VUR | Extravesical | 3 (12 mm umbilicus, 2 × 5 mm or 8 mm operative) | 185 | 1.375 | Transient urinary retention (4) | 69.5 | 100 unilateral, 94 bilateral |
| Akhavan et al., 2014 [37] | 50 | 7.2 | Unilateral (22)/bilateral (28) VUR | Extravesical | Not reported | Not reported | 2.0 | Febrile UTI (5), ileus (2), ureteral obstruction (2), ureteral injury (1), perinephric fluid collection (1), transient urinary retention (1), contralateral de novo VUR (5) | 40.8 | 92.3 |
| Grimsby et al., 2015 [42] | 61 | 6.7 | Cortical defects (35), breakthrough UTI (13), persistent VUR (12), noncompliance (1) | Unilateral (29)/bilateral (32) extravesical | 3 (8.5 mm umbilicus, 2 × 8.5 mm operative) | Not reported | Not reported | Ureteral obstruction (3), urine leak (2), rehospitalization for nausea and vomiting (1) | 50.9 | 72 |
UTI, urinary tract infection; VUR, vesicoureteral reflux.