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. 2017 Nov 21;9(12):3282–3296. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evx241

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© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 4. — —Puccinia striiformis isolates assigned to genetic Group 4 were the most prevalent in the United Kingdom in 2014. (A) Pair-wise comparisons between the five European P. striiformis population groups indicated that Groups 3 and 4 were most closely related (F_ST 0.20), while Groups 3 and 1 were the most distantly related (F_ST 0.65). (B) Analysis of the genetic distance (D_A) between groups illustrated that Groups 3 and 4 and Groups 1 and 5-1 had the smallest genetic distance (350.3 and 373.6, respectively). (C) Group 4 P. striiformis isolates dominated in the United Kingdom and were widespread in 2014, while Groups 2 and 3, which were prevalent in 2013, were absent among the 2014 UK P. striiformis isolates analyzed. Pie charts indicates prevalence of P. striiformis genetic groups in each county sampled; doughnut chart shows cumulative prevalence of genetic groups for the United Kingdom per year with numbers indicating the total number of isolates analyzed per year. (D) Virulence profiles for the genetic groups were largely conserved between isolates belonging to the same group. Two P. striiformis isolates from Group 1 and nine from Group 4 were inoculated onto a series of 46 differential wheat varieties; the six discriminative results are shown: Yr7, AvocetS-Yr7 near isogenic line; Sp, Spaldings Prolific; War, Warrior; Amb, Ambition; Ren, Rendezvous; Ap, Apache. Disease severity was recorded 16- to 20-day post inoculation. Scale: 0 (green) to 4 (red), with 0–2 being resistant (R) and 3–4 being susceptible (S).