Table 1.
Clinical and Laboratory characteristics of the GDM and normal pregnant groups
| Characteristics | Control (n = 56) |
GDM (n = 28) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 30.0 (28.0, 33.0) | 33.0 (30.3, 36.0) | 0.005* |
| Advanced maternal age (≥ 35 years), n (%) | 10 (17.8%) | 9 (32.1%) | 0.140 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 25 (24, 27) | 25 (24, 26) | 0.817 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 20.1 ± 2.2 | 20.6 ± 2.5 | 0.392 |
| BMI at OGTT (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 2.5 | 24.0 ± 2.5 | 0.148 |
| Progesterone treatment history | 1 (1.79%) | 2 (7.14%) | 0.257 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.39 (4.20, 4.65) | 4.66 (4.46, 5.01) | 0.001* |
| 1-h blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.24 ± 1.31 | 10.63 ± 1.44 | <0.001* |
| 2-h blood glucose (mmol/L) | 6.35 ± 0.95 | 8.67 ± 1.29 | <0.001* |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/mL) | 8.1 (5.2, 11.7) | 10.0 (7.0, 14.1) | 0.033* |
| HOMA-IR | 1.55 (1.01, 2.35) | 2.17 (1.39, 2.94) | 0.012* |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 240.59 ± 42.69 | 222.96 ± 36.21 | 0.065 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 115.00 ± 35.78 | 96.61 ± 28.65 | 0.020* |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 84.79 ± 18.96 | 79.43 ± 17.35 | 0.213 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 155.80 ± 37.75 | 143.54 ± 27.69 | 0.131 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 185.0 (146.5, 236.0) | 219.5 (175.8, 285.3) | 0.055 |
| Lipoprotein(a) (mg/dL) | 6.2 (2.5, 11.6) | 6.0 (2.5, 12.5) | 0.906 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 2.1 (1.2, 4.0) | 1.8 (1.1, 3.9) | 0.632 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.7) | 4.8 (3.7, 5.9) | 0.049* |
| TG/HDL cholesterol ratio | 2.16 (1.64, 3.10) | 2.96 (2.14, 3.84) | 0.029* |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%) or mean ± SD. BMI, body mass index; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. P values in bold indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)