Table 1.
Characteristics, laboratory values, and outcomes of patients with and without ARDS included in the study
| Patients with ARDS | Patients without ARDS | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 39 | 368 | |
| Age | 57.0 (45.0–67.0) | 62.0 (50.0–72.0) | 0.07 |
| Female | 13 (33.3) | 139 (37.8) | 0.59 |
| Study site | 0.40 | ||
| Korea | 18 (46.2) | 132 (35.9) | |
| New York | 7 (18.0) | 92 (25.0) | |
| Boston | 14 (35.9) | 144 (39.1) | |
| APACHE IIa | 27.0 (21.0–33.0) | 22.0 (15.0–28.0) | < 0.001 |
| Sepsisb | 16 (41.0) | 170 (46.2) | 0.54 |
| Septic shock | 8 (20.5) | 53 (14.4) | 0.31 |
| Pneumonia | 34 (87.2) | 101 (27.5) | < 0.001 |
| Intubation | 35 (89.7) | 181 (49.2) | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mLc | 7.6 (2.6–33.2) | 0.9 (0.2–3.7) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dLa | 0.8 (0.6–1.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.28 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dLa | 1.05 (0.6–3.0) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.14 |
| pH in arterial blooda | 7.35 (7.28–7.45) | 7.39 (7.29–7.46) | 0.49 |
| PaO2, mmHga | 72.9 (62.8–98.3) | 87.7 (69.3–113.3) | 0.15 |
| PaCO2, mmHga | 36.9 (29.8–44.9) | 32.4 (26.0–40.9) | 0.07 |
| Lactate, mEq/L | 2.4 (1.5–3.5) | 2.0 (1.3–3.4) | 0.24 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 2.5 (2.1–2.9) | 2.9 (2.4–3.5) | 0.009 |
| SP-D, ng/mL | 20.8 (12.7–38.4) | 7.9 (4.0–17.0) | < 0.01 |
| Length of ICU stay | 8.0 (5.0–15.0) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | < 0.001 |
| ICU-mortality | 7 (17.9) | 28 (7.6) | 0.008 |
| Hospital-mortality | 14 (35.9) | 50 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, PaO 2 arterial oxygen tension, PaCO2 arterial carbon dioxide tension, SP-D Surfactant protein D, ICU intensive care unit
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or as number (%)
aAt admission to medical ICU
bIt does not include patients with septic shock
cData are available for 91 patients (13 patients with and 78 patients without ARDS)