Figure 4. Expression of serum inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, was analyzed by ELISA, and pancreatic tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was detected in each group at all time points. Data are reported as means±SD. *P<0.05 compared with the sham operation (SO) group; ^#P<0.05 compared with the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group (ANOVA). P: pioglitazone group.