Wnt1-Cre mediated haploinsufficiency of Eif4a3 in NCCs causes craniofacial defects. Whole mount embryos of indicated genotypes at E11.5 showing lateral views (A–F) and frontal views (G–I) shown for Eif4a3l°x/+(A, D, G, n = 27 embryos) and Wnt1-Cre; Eif4a3l°x/+(B, C, E, F, H, I, n = 10 embryos total for B, C). Images of mandibular processes stained for phalloidin for Eif4a3l°x/+(J) or Wnt1-Cre; Eif4a3l°x/+(K, L). Less severe (B, E, H, K) and more severe (C, F, I, L) Wnt1-Cre; Eif4a3l°x/+embryos are depicted. (M) Graph depicting quantification of mandible grooves for indicated genotypes, representing embryos with deeper grooves (n = 3), those with shallow grooves (n = 4) and controls (n = 6). Mean values shown for all embryos. Error bars, SD, P < 0.05, Student’s t-test. Scales bars, (A–I) 1 mm, (J–L) 50 µm.