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. 2017 Nov 3;10(5-6):e1344802. doi: 10.1080/19420889.2017.1344802

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© 2017 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

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Figure 3. — Chronic incubation with NED-19 alters spine morphology. (A) Sample images of pyramidal dendrites under control conditions (Con) or following a 16–20 hour incubation with NED-19 (scale bar = 2 µm). As compared with vehicle controls, NED-19-treated cells have a larger portion of filipodia (blue arrows) and a larger number of spines with long necks. (B) (i) Cumulative probability plot and (ii) averages of spine lengths (n = 144–186 spines/condition). Neck length was significantly increased with NED-19 treatment. (C) Percentage filipodia was significantly increased with NED-19 treatment (n = 144–186 spines/ condition). (D) (i) Cumulative probability plot and (ii) averages of spine widths (n = 144–186 spines/condition). Spine width was unchanged with NED-19 treatment. (E) Spine density was decreased with NED-19 treatment (n = 23–24 dendrites/condition). Error bars represent S.E.M. Non-significant group comparisons are denoted by n.s.