Table 17.

Co-variance path weights for the model without Reasoning (Model 3) and the reduced model with only Language Experience and WMC (Model 3-Reduced).

Model	Factor	Co-varying with	Covariance (Estimate)	Covariance (Std. Error)	Covariance (z-score)	Covariance (p-value for z-score)
3	Decoding	WMC	-	-	-	-
		Language Experience	−0.11	0.03	−3.98	<0.001
		Perceptual Speed	−0.16	0.06	−2.75	0.006
		Fluency	−0.28	0.06	−4.91	<0.001
		Inhibition	0.002	0.001	2.52	0.012
	WMC	Language Experience	7.72	1.71	4.52	<0.001
		Perceptual Speed	5.40	2.58	2.10	0.036
		Fluency	14.04	2.98	4.71	<0.001
		Inhibition	-	-	-	-
	Language Experience	Perceptual Speed	3.37	1.43	2.36	0.018
		Fluency	10.86	1.83	5.93	<0.001
		Inhibition	−0.05	0.02	−2.43	0.015
	Perceptual Speed	Fluency	11.25	3.00	3.75	<0.001
		Inhibition	−0.10	0.04	−2.50	0.013
	Fluency	Inhibition	-	-	-	-
3-Reduced	WMC	Language Experience	8.30	1.65	5.04	< 0.001