Table 2.
Change in hemodynamics, weekly step count, 6MWT, and CPET.
| Variable | Initial | Final | Absolute change | P value | Change (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 79 ± 7 | 79 ± 7 | –0.2 ± 0.7 | 0.81 | 0.0 ± 0.9 |
| Resting HR (bpm) | 83 ± 3 | 79 ± 3 | –4.0 ± 3.7 | 0.32 | –3.7 ± 4.6 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 113 ± 5 | 113 ± 5 | –0.1 ± 4.6 | 0.98 | 0.7 ± 3.9 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 81 ± 5 | 75 ± 3 | –6.8 ± 5.9 | 0.27 | –5.6 ± 5.3 |
| Pedometer 1-week average (steps/day) | 7717 ± 809 | 8276 ± 917 | 559 ± 522 | 0.31 | 3.8 ± 6.9 |
| 6MWT | |||||
| Distance (m) | 481 ± 18 | 521 ± 23 | 40 ± 13.4* | 0.01 | 8.6 ± 2.6 |
| Peak HR (bpm) | 112 ± 4 | 126 ± 8 | 14 ± 4.0* | 0.01 | 7.7 ± 4.8 |
| HRrecovery (slope 0–5 min) | –4 ± 0.5 | –7 ± 3 | –2.7 ± 0.8** | 0.008 | 65.0 ± 22 |
| HRrecovery (slope 0–10 min) | –2 ± 0.3 | –3 ± 0.4 | –1.2 ± 0.4* | 0.01 | 68.0 ± 19 |
| HRrecovery (%peak HR at 10 min) | 80 ± 2.4 | 68 ± 2.7 | –12 ± 2.5** | 0.001 | –14.2 ± 3 |
| CPET | |||||
| Time to VO2max (min) | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 12.0 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 0.6** | 0.001 | 24.4 ± 4.9 |
| VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 15.7 ± 1.2 | 17.5 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 0.7* | 0.02 | 13.2 ± 4.7 |
| VO2max (L/min) | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 0.13 ± 0.1* | 0.02 | 12.7 ± 4.3 |
| VO2max %predicted | 51.4 ± 3.7 | 58.1 ± 3.8 | 6.6 ± 2.5* | 0.03 | 13.7 ± 5.0 |
| Ventilation max (L/min) | 45.8 ± 4.7 | 49.7 ± 5.6 | 6.0 ± 3.2 | 0.11 | 13.0 ± 6.0 |
| Peak METs | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.38 | 5.0 ± 3.6 |
| HR at rest (bpm) | 93 ± 6 | 89 ± 4 | –4.9 ± 4.8 | 0.33 | –3.3 ± 4.8 |
| HRmax (bpm) | 155 ± 6 | 152 ± 4 | –2.5 ± 3.0 | 0.49 | –1.1 ± 2.3 |
| Borg scale at max | 16.5 ± 0.5 | 15.2 ± 1.3 | –1.1 ± 1.1 | 0.36 | –7.2 ± 7.5 |
| VO2 at AT (mL/kg/min) | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 14.4 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 0.5* | 0.047 | 9.9 ± 4.3 |
| ΔSBP (mmHg) / ΔVO2 (mL/kg/min) | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | –0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.76 | 13.0 ± 6.0 |
| VE/VCO2 mid | 38.2 ± 0.4 | 36.4 ± 0.3 | –1.3 ± 1.2 | 0.31 | 5.0 ± 3.6 |
| 65–75% HRreserve | 133-9 ± 7 | 130-6 ± 7 | –3.2 ± 3 | 0.40 | –1.8 ± 2.6 |
Values are means ± SEM for the 11 of 12 patients that completed the study. Paired t-testing was used to analyze changes between the pre-test (Initial) and post-test (Final) at the end of 12 weeks in all outcome variables, with bold type and asterisks indicating a significant change (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01) in comparison to baseline.
HR, heart rate; bpm, beats per minute; BP, blood pressure; 6MWT, 6-min walk test; VO2max, maximum oxygen consumption; MET, metabolic equivalent; Peak HR, highest HR achieved; HRrecovery, HR relative to minutes of recovery; AT, anaerobic threshold; ΔSBP, change in systolic blood pressure from rest to peak exercise; ΔVO2, change in VO2 from rest to peak exercise; VE/VCO2, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide; 65–75%HRreserve, calculated according to formula of Karvonen.26