Fig 1.
Effect of curcumin on cell adhesion induced by PM10 (A) and TiO2-NPs (B). Cells were treated with curcumin at 1 (C1), 10 (C10) and 100 (C100) μM alone or in combination with 3 and 10 μg/cm2 of PM10 and TiO2-NPs (3) and (10) for 3 h. After this, U937 cells labeled with [3H]-thymidine were co-cultured with HUVEC for 3h more, and radioactivity in counts per minute was measured in a scintillation counter. TNF-α (10 ng/mL) was used as positive control. Curcumin was added 1 h before the addition of PM10 or TiO2-NPs. Data were expressed as percentage of adhesion with respect to positive control (100%) and shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of three separate experiments. p < 0.05, experiments compared with untreated cells (Control) (*) and with PM10 or TiO2-NPs alone (&).