Figure 1. The effects of casticin (CAS) on IL-1β–induced production of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CCL5, and MCP-1.

A549 cells (10⁶ cells/well) were pretreated with CAS for 1 h and then stimulated with IL-1β (1 ng/ml) for 24 h. The presented data are mean ± SEM; ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, compared with the IL-1β–treated group.