Figure 6. Effect of casticin (CAS) on IL-1β–induced activation of PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling in A549 cells.

A549 cells were pretreated with CAS for 1 h and then incubated with IL-1β (1 ng/ml) for 30 min. Phospho-specific proteins were detected using western blot, and total MAPK (A, B) and PI3K/Akt (C, D) levels were used as internal controls. The presented data are mean ± SEM; ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, compared with the IL-1β–treated group.