Table 3. Meta-analysis results of all the studies.
| Study Heterogeneity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome of interests | Study number | OR/WMD (95% CI) | P value | χ2 | df | I2, % | P value |
| Survival | |||||||
| 30-day mortality | |||||||
| PEG vs. PRG | 4 | 0.81 (0.28, 2.30) | 0.69 | 1.49 | 3 | 0 | 0.68 |
| PEG vs. RIG | 3 | 0.83 (0.37, 1.89) | 0.66 | 0.66 | 2 | 0 | 0.72 |
| PEG vs. PRG+RIG | 6 | 0.87 (0.46, 1.63) | 0.66 | 1.39 | 5 | 0 | 0.93 |
| Survival length | |||||||
| PEG vs. PRG | 2 | 0.34 (–8.12, 8.81) | 0.94 | 441.96 | 1 | 100 | <0.00001 |
| PEG vs. RIG | 4 | 1.10 (–1.14, 3.33) | 0.33 | 8.51 | 3 | 65 | 0.04 |
| PEG vs. PRG+RIG | 5 | 0.67 (–2.63, 3.97) | 0.69 | 144.12 | 4 | 97 | <0.00001 |
| Peri-complication | |||||||
| Difficult procedure | |||||||
| PEG vs. PRG | 2 | 1.20 (0.58, 2.51) | 0.62 | 0.55 | 1 | 0 | 0.46 |
| PEG vs. RIG | 2 | 1.59 (0.81, 3.16) | 0.18 | 0.01 | 1 | 0 | 0.91 |
| PEG vs. PRG+RIG | 3 | 1.45 (0.84, 2.51) | 0.18 | 0.15 | 2 | 0 | 0.93 |
| Success Attempt Rate | |||||||
| PEG vs. PRG | 4 | 0.19 (0.03, 1.33) | 0.09 | 7.18 | 3 | 58 | 0.07 |
| PEG vs. RIG | 2 | 0.38 (0.04, 3.76) | 0.41 | 3.43 | 1 | 71 | 0.06 |
| PEG vs. PRG+RIG | 5 | 0.18 (0.04, 0.86) | 0.03 | 10.11 | 4 | 60 | 0.04 |
| O2 desaturation | |||||||
| PEG vs. RIG | 2 | 2.13 (0.56, 8.17) | 0.27 | 0.02 | 1 | 0 | 0.88 |
| PEG vs. PRG+RIG | 2 | 1.32 (0.45, 3.88) | 0.61 | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | 0.77 |
| Distress | |||||||
| PEG vs. RIG | 2 | 1.92 (0.12, 30.63) | 0.65 | 2.83 | 1 | 65 | 0.09 |
| PEG vs. PRG+RIG | 2 | 1.87 (0.13, 26.48) | 0.64 | 2.58 | 1 | 64 | 0.10 |
| Respiratory arrest | |||||||
| PEG vs. PRG | 2 | 7.29 (0.27, 193.68) | 0.24 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| PEG vs. RIG | 2 | 3.77 (0.41, 34.92) | 0.24 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| PEG vs. PRG+RIG | 3 | 4.55 (0.71, 29.04) | 0.11 | 0.11 | 1 | 0 | 0.74 |
| Post-complication | |||||||
| Infection | |||||||
| PEG vs. PRG | 2 | 2.20 (0.67, 7.19) | 0.19 | 0.58 | 1 | 0 | 0.45 |
| PEG vs. PRG+RIG | 2 | 0.90 (0.49, 1.67) | 0.74 | 1.65 | 1 | 39 | 0.20 |
| Pain | |||||||
| PEG vs. PRG | 2 | 0.49 (0.24, 0.98) | 0.04 | 0.83 | 1 | 0 | 0.36 |
| PEG vs. RIG | 3 | 0.42 (0.25, 0.69) | 0.0007 | 1.69 | 2 | 0 | 0.43 |
| PEG vs. PRG+RIG | 4 | 0.42 (0.27, 0.67) | 0.0002 | 2.24 | 3 | 0 | 0.52 |
OR, odds ratio; WMD, weighted mean difference; PEG, Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy; PRG, Per-oral Image-Guided Gastrostomy; RIG, Radiologically Inserted Gastrostomy.