Table 2. Outcomes and covariates of included studies of benzodiazepine using in relation to risk of cancer.
| Author (year) | Endpoints | Data source | Category and relative risk (95% CI) | Covariates in fully adjusted model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coogan et al. (2000) | Ovarian cancer (748) | Population-based | Duration of regular use 0 using, 1.0 (reference); 0 to 5 years using, 0.9 (0.6, 1.3); more than 5 years using, 1.1 (0.5, 2.3) | Adjusted for age, study center, and interview year. |
| Dublin et al. (2002) | Ovarian cancer (314) | Self-administered | Duration of regular use 0 using, 1.0 (reference); 4 months using,0.76 (0.52, 1.10); 6 months using, 0.70 (0.47, 1.0) Number of prescriptions0 prescriptions 1.0 (reference); 1, 0.65 (0.42, 1.0); 2 to 4, 0.91 (0.57, 1.5); > 5, 0.68 (0.42, 1.1) |
Adjusted for age and reference date. |
| Fortuny et al. (2007) | Esophageal adenocarcinoma (163) , Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (176) Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (114) Gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (320) |
Population-based | Esophageal adenocarcinoma Number of prescriptions 0 prescriptions1.0 (reference); < 1, 1.0 (0.5, 1.7); 1to 5, 0.8 (0.5, 1.5); > 5, 0.8 (0.4, 1.5) Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma 0 prescriptions1.0 (reference); < 1, 0.8 (0.5, 1.3); 1to 5, 0.4 (0.1, 0.9); > 5, 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma0 prescriptions 1.0 (reference); < 1, 0.6 (0.3, 1.2); 1to 5, 0.8 (0.4, 1.9); > 5, 1.7 (0.9, 3.1) Gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma0 prescriptions 1.0 (reference); < 1, 0.6 (0.4,0.8); 1to 5, 0.6 (0.4, 1.0); > 5, 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) |
Adjusted for age, sex, HMO, years of enrollment in the HMO, race at HFHS, and adjusted for use of drug classes other than the studied one. |
| Friedman et al. (1998) | Colon cancer (1960) | Population-based | Duration of regular use 0 using, 1.0 (reference); less than 1years using, 0.9 (0.7, 1.3); 1to 5 years using, 1.2 (0.8, 1.8); more than 5 years using, 0.7 (0.3, 1.2) | Age, sex, aspirin and NSAID use,family history of colorectal cancer,body mass index,total calorie, fiber and calcium intake, physical activity, cigarette smoking and alcohol use |
| Halapy et al. (2006) | Breast cancer (3133) | Self-administered | Duration of regular use 0 using, 1.0 (reference);less than 1years using, 0.90 (0.66, 1.22); 1to 6 years using, 1.23 (0.90, 1.69); more than 6 years using, 1.32 (0.95, 1.84) | Adjusted for age, family history of breast cancer, and benign breast cysts. |
| Jaussent et al. (2013) | Colon cancer (329) | Population-based | Number of prescriptions 0 prescriptions 1.0 (reference); 1, 0.96 (0.74, 1.25); > 2, 0.93 (0.50, 1.71) | Adjusted for age, study center, and gender; badjusted for all covariates in model 1 plus high level of education, confinement, alcohol intake, smoking status, history of cardio-cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, Mini Mental State Examination score, body mass index, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, depressive symptoms, antidepressants use. |
| Kaufman et al. (1982) | Ovarian cancer (450) | Self-administered | Duration of regular use 0 using, 1.0 (reference); less than 5 years using, 0.9(0.4, 1.7); more than 5 years using, 1.0 (0.4, 2.6) | Age, geographical region, years of education, religion, parity, age at first pregnancy, menopausal status, age at menopause, history of breast cancer in the mother or sisters, alcohol consumption, number of visits to a doctor in the preceding year, total number of hospital admissions, and year of interview |
| Kaufman et al. (1990) | Brain cancer (274) | Population-based | USDuration of regular use 0 using, 1.0 (reference); less than 5 years using, 1.2 ( 0.7, 2.3); more than 5 years using, 0.7 (0.3, 1.6) Canada Duration of regular use 0 using, 1.0 (reference); less than 5 years using, 0.7 (0.4, 1.3); more than 5 years using, 1.0 (0.5, 2) |
Age, Alcohol consumption, medical history,lifetime history of medication use, use of muscle relaxants, tranqulizers, psychiatric drugs, insomnia and pain |
| Lagergren et al. (2000) | All cancers (1454) | Population-based | Duration of regular use 0 using, 1.0 (reference); less than 5 years using, 0.8 (0.6, 3.2); more than 5 years using, 1.5 (0.7, 2.9) | Age, sex, body mass index ,tobacco smoking, alcohol use, socioeconomic status (years of formal education), and intake of fruit and vegetables |
| Pottegard et al. (2012) | All cancers (3520) | Self-administered | Duration of regular use 0 using, 1.0 (reference); less than 1years using, 1.03 (1.02, 1.05); 1to 3 years using, 1.05 (1.02, 1.08); 3to 7 years using, 1.07 (1.03, 1.12); more than 7 years using, 1.11 (1.01, 1.23) | Age, gender, use of aspirin, non-aspirinNSAIDs, 5-areductase inhibitors, statins, angiotensin-II antagonists, oral contraceptives and hormone supplements, antidepressants, antipsychotics, diagnoses of inflammatory bowel disease, COPD, diabetes, alcohol abuse and Charlson Comorbidity Index score |