Table 2.
Summary of inflammatory profile between susceptible and resistant breeds of cattle.
| Methodology (cattle breeds compared) | Susceptible | Resistant | Main conclusion and reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Histology of skin using larvae—several different breeds (B. t. taurus vs. B. t. indicus) |
Higher eosinophils during secondary infestation | Wide variations in the magnitude of the lesions between different hosts Tatchell and Moorhouse, 1968 |
|
| Skin histology at larval tick lesions, 3 h feeding on previously tick exposed cattle (tropically adapted Illawarra Shorthorn B. t. taurus susceptible vs. resistant) |
Higher mast cells Higher eosinophils Higher neutrophils |
Degree of mast cell disruption, eosinophil concentration and degranulation and the extent of epidermal vesiculation were all significantly higher in highly resistant hosts. Schleger et al., 1976 |
|
| Skin biopsies from tick lesions (Gyr -B. t. indicus vs Holstein - B. t. taurus) |
Lower mast cell counts | Higher mast cell counts | Mast cells important in host resistance Moraes et al., 1992 |
| Dermal (upper and deep) mast cell counts (Nelore and Gyr -B. t. indicus vs. Holstein, Brown-Swiss and Jersey - B. t. taurus) |
Holsten and Brown Swiss similar to Gyr Lowest mast cell counts – Brown-Swiss |
High mast cells cell counts– Nelore Gyr - Similar to Holstein and Brown Swiss |
Negative correlation between the number of mast cells in the upper dermis and tick counts. Mast cells important in tick resistance. Veríssimo et al., 2008 |
| Immuno staining of skin sections (Brahman B. t. indicus vs. Holstein-Friesian B. t. taurus) |
Higher neutrophils | Delayed hypersensitivity | γδ T cells might have a role in limiting the inflammatory process and preservation of the skin homeostasis in B. t. indicus cattle. Constantinoiu et al., 2010 |
| In vitro binding of leukocytes and skin histology (Nelore -B. t. indicus vs. Holstein - B. t. taurus) |
Adhesion molecules: leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein 1 | Higher basophils Higher eosinophils Adhesion molecules: E-selectin (promotes adhesion of memory T cells) |
Resistant cattle had significantly higher counts of basophils and eosinophils compared to susceptible breeds. Adhesion molecules indicate differences in resistant and susceptible hosts. Carvalho et al., 2010a |
| Cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to tick larval antigens in previously exposed cattle (Bonsmara B. t. taurus vs. Nguni B. t. indicus) |
Intense cutaneous hypersensitivity response | Delayed hypersensitivity response | Marufu et al., 2013 |
| Cellular responses to adult R. microplus in skin biopsies (Bonsmara B. t. taurus vs. Nguni B. t. indicus) |
Higher basophils (lower than resistant cattle) Higher mast cells (lower than resistant cattle) Higher mononuclear cells (lower than resistant cattle) Higher neutrophils Higher eosinophils |
Higher basophils Higher mast cells Higher mononuclear cells Higher neutrophils (lower than susceptible cattle) Higher eosinophils (lower than susceptible cattle) |
Cellular responses showed higher counts of basophils, mast and mononuclear cells and lower neutrophil and eosinophil counts in resistant breeds. Marufu et al., 2014 |
| Histopathology larvae and nymph with naïve cattle. (Holstein B. t. taurus vs. Nelore B. t. indicus) |
Higher eosinophils (larvae) Higher mast cells (nymph, slightly higher compared to larvae bite site) |
Higher mast cells (larvae), mast cells degranulated and decreased (nymph) Higher eosinophils (nymph) Higher basophils (nymphs) |
Resistant hosts expose ticks to an earlier inflammatory response which is delayed in susceptible breeds. Franzin et al., 2017 |
Bold fonts highlight common trends across different publications.