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. 2017 Dec 15;7:17679. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17873-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of melittin on the OVA-induced increased mast cells and serum-IgE. (a) Representative images of histologic analysis with Giemsa staining showed that OVA increased the infiltrations of mast cells (arrows), whereas melittin decreased them. Scale bar = 50 μm. (b) The number of infiltrated mast cells was counted from at least five random fields per section at 400-fold magnification. The results are expressed as means ± SEM. (c) ELISA results demonstrate that melittin suppressed OVA-induced increased serum-IgE concentrations. The results are expressed as means ± SEM of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 compared with the NC group. ^† p < 0.05 compared with the OVA group. NC: normal control; OVA: ovalbumin; M1, M10, and M100: 1, 10, and 100 μg kg⁻¹ melittin; −: untreated.