Table 2.

Bacteriophages and phage lysins in the treatment of sepsis.

Antibacterial agent bacteriophage (B) or lysin (L)	Animal model	Pathogen	Route/time of phage/lysin administration (bold font—the best protection)	Reference
B	Mouse model	Acinetobacter baumanii	i.p./2 h postinfection, up to 7 days postinfection	(32)
B	Mouse model	Staphylococcus aureus	i.p./6 h postinfection	(33)
B	Mouse model	Klebsiella pneumonia NK-5	i.p./30 min postinfection	(34)
			Intragastric/30 min postinfection
B	Mouse model	S. aureus	i.p./30 min postinfection; in delayed treatment 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 h postinfection	(35)
B	Mouse model	Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDR	i.p./45 min postinfection	(36)
B	Mouse model	P. aeruginosa	per os/1 day before, 1 day, 6 days postinfection	(37)
			i.p./1 day before or simultaneously with strain
B	Mouse model	P. aeruginosa IMPR-Pa	i.p./up to 1 h; 3, 6 h postinfection	(38)
B	Mouse model	Escherichia coli ESBL (+)	i.p./40 min, up to 60 min postinfection	(39)
B	Mouse model	K. pneumonia MDR	i.p./45 min postinfection	(40)
B	Rat model	E. coli ESBL (+)	s.c./7 h and 24 h postinfection	(41)
B	Chickens, calves	E. coli K1	i.m./simultaneously with strain (chickens)	(42)
			i.m./8 h postinfection (calves)
L	Mouse model	Streptococcus pneumoniae	i.p./1 h postinfection	(43)
L	Mouse model	S. aureus MR	i.p./30 min postinfection	(44)
L	Mouse model	Streptococcus pyogenes	i.p./3 h postinfection	(45)
		S. aureus MR
L	Mouse model	S. aureus MR	i.p./2 h postinfection	(46)
L	Mouse model	S. pneumoniae	i.p./1 h postinfection (daptomycin + lysin)	(47)
L	Mouse model	S. aureus MR	i.p./1 h postinfection	(48)
L	Mouse model	S. pneumoniae	i.p./1 h postinfection	(49)

i.p., intraperitoneal injection; s.c., subcutaneous injection; i.m., intramuscular injection.

Summary of the data showing the efficacy of phages and their lysins in the treatment of experimentally induced sepsis.