Table 3.

Production of GnRH2 and GnRHR2 in mammalian tissues.^a

Tissue or cell type	GnRH2		GnRHR2		Reference
	Identifiedb	Species	Identifiedb	Species
Central nervous system
Brain (whole)	+	h	+	h	(11, 20, 29)
Forebrainc	+	h, r	+	h, r, m	(16, 20, 29)
Midbrainc	+	h, r	+	h, r, m	(16, 20, 29)
Hindbrainc	+	r	+	h, r, m	(16, 20, 29)
Spinal cord	+	h	+	h, m	(20, 29)
Endocrine
Hypothalamus	+	p	+	m	(29, 35)
Pituitary (whole)	+	h	+	m, h	(11, 20, 29)
Anterior pituitary	+	p	+	p	(35)
Adrenal gland	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 20, 29)
Pancreas	+	h	+	h, m	(16, 20, 29)
Thyroid	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 20, 29)
Thoracic
Heart	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 16, 20, 29)
Aorta	+	h			(20)
Lung	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 20, 29)
Thymus gland	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 20, 29)
Trachea	+	h			(20)
Digestion and metabolism
Salivary gland	+	h			(20)
Stomach	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 20, 29)
Small intestine	+	h	+	h	(11, 20)
Duodenum	−	h			(43)
Jejunum	+	h			(43)
Ileum	+	h			(43)
Large intestine	+	h	+	h	(11, 20)
Cecum	+	h			(43)
Colon	−	h			(43)
Rectum	−	h			(43)
Liver	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 16, 20, 29)
Skeletal muscle	+	h	+	m, h	(11, 16, 20, 29)
Renal
Bladder	+	h	+	m	(20, 29)
Kidney	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 16, 20, 29)
Immune
Peripheral leukocyte	+	h			(20)
T lymphocyte	+	h			(39)
Lymph node	+	h			(20)
Tonsil	+	h			(20)
Bone marrow	+	h			(20)
Spleen	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 20, 29)
Female reproductive
Ovary	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 20, 29)
Ovarian surface epithelial cells	+	h			(40, 41)
Granulosa cells	+	h			(41)
Oviduct			+	m	(29)
Uterus	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 20, 29)
Endometrium	+	h			(20)
Myometrium	+	h	+	h	(44)
Breast/mammary	+	h	+	h, m	(11, 20, 29, 38)
Placenta	+	h	+	h	(11, 20)
Male reproductive
Testis	+	h, p	+	h, m, p	(11, 20, 29, 35, 45)
Leydig cells	+	p	+	p	(35, 45)
Sertoli cells	+	p	+	p	(35, 45)
Germ cells	+	p	+	h, p	(35, 45, 46)
Spermatozoa			+	h, p	(34, 45, 46)
Epididymis	+	p	+	m, p	(29, 34)
Seminal vesicles	+	p	+	m, p	(29, 34)
Bulbourethral	+	p	+	p	(34)
Prostate	+	h, p	+	h, m, p	(11, 20, 29, 34)

^aAdapted from Millar (16). Blank cells indicate tissues that have not yet been examined.

^bEither mRNA or protein was discovered.

^cSee Millar (16) for specific regions of the brain that produce GnRH2 and/or GnRHR2.

Abbreviations: +, positive; −, negative; p, pig; h, human; m, marmoset; r, rhesus macaque.