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. 2017 Dec 15;7:17676. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17687-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Behavioural task design. (a) Schematic of multi-dimensional reward learning task. In each trial participants were presented with a single visual stimulus composed of three different dimensional features: shape, colour, and pattern. When each stimulus image was presented, participants were asked to make a selection by pressing the left or right button within 4 s, following which feedback was provided for a duration of 2–6 s. A total of 256 trials were presented to each participant in random order. (b) Feature dimensions of visual stimuli. When chosen images are one of the two rewarded stimuli (“all-matched” combinations) – the blue-square-vertical and the yellow-circle-horizontal patterned images – participants received +10 points. When “pattern non-match” images were selected, participants received −10 points. All other combinations (“shape non-match” and “colour non-match” images) were randomly associated with +10 or −10 points. The last two combinations were added to adjust task difficulty.