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. 2017 Dec 15;7:17619. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17854-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sox30-null males are infertile with spermatogenesis blocked at the round spermatid stage. (a) PAS staining of 19, 21, 23 and 25 dpp testes reveals that abnormal germ cells (white arrows) are first seen in 21 dpp Sox30-null testes, a timpoint characterized by flattening of the pro-acrosome; most advanced appearance of round spermatids is shown in insert for each genotype and age. At 19 dpp no distinct granules are observed in any of the three genotypes. TEM examination of wildtype samples showing two ultrastructural features characteristic of step 3–4 spermatids: (b) acrosome capping of the nucleus (white arrowhead) and (c) docking of basal body to the nuclear membrane (black arrowhead). (d) These two features were not observed in Sox30-null round spermatids, nor were proacrosomal granules observed at the center of Golgi bodies (black arrow). (e) Nuclei within symplasts do not display any evidence of acrosome formation or tail development.