Table 2.
Effect of the intervention during first antenatal care visits for primary and secondary outcomes
| Control period* | Intervention period* | Mixed-model adjusted odds ratio of intervention effect (99% CI)† | p value | ICC‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcomes | |||||
| Screening for anaemia | 5519/37 826 (14·6%) | 30 057/30 772 (97·7%) | 832·40 (666·81–1039·11) | <0·0001 | 0·588 |
| Screening for proteinuria | 3739/37 826 (9·9%) | 29 874/30 772 (97·1%) | 1875·18 (1447·56–2429·11) | <0·0001 | 0·351 |
| Treatment for worms (mebendazole) | 17 926/34 842 (51·4%) | 24 960/28 294 (88·2%) | 1·88 (1·70–2·09) | <0·0001 | 0·291 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||||
| Screening for high blood pressure | 24 654/37 826 (65·2%) | 30 487/30 772 (99·1%) | 609·29 (466·69–795·46) | <0·0001 | 0·584 |
| Preventive treatment for malaria | 12 725/19 844 (64·1%) | 14 373/15 350 (93·6%) | 3·68 (3·17–4·28) | <0·0001 | 0·119 |
| Screening for HIV | 33 756/35 284 (95·7%) | 27 573/28 430 (97·0%) | 1·04 (0·84–1·27) | 0·662 | 0·020 |
| Treatment for HIV | 2396/2678 (89·5%) | 1622/1797 (90·3%) | 1·61 (0·98–2·65) | 0·013 | 0·088 |
| Screening for syphilis | 24 833/37 826 (65·7%) | 29 385/30 772 (95·5%) | 23·50 (20·56–26·86) | <0·0001 | 0·083 |
| Treatment for syphilis | 672/1106 (60·8%) | 696/807 (86·2%) | 2·49 (1·38–4·51) | 0·0001 | 0·024 |
Data are n/N (%), unless otherwise indicated.
*
Denominators vary according to the population eligible for each outcome as described in the appendix.
†
Mixed-model odds ratios account for the clustering of patients within clinics and adjust for time trends. Under the stepped-wedge design, the adjusted odds ratios are calculated with the use of all data points in the intervention period versus the control period and therefore represent the average odds of exposure to the intervention.
‡
Intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) during the control period.