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. 2017 Dec 11;11:391. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00391

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Methylene blue inhibits the production of mature IL-1β and IL-18 by microglia. (A) Gating strategy for distinguishing and sorting microglia form normal rat spinal cords. CD45lowCD11b+ cells were microglia. N = 3 per group. (B) Apoptosis of microglia cultured for 48 h. V: vehicle phosphate bufferedsaline (PBS); 10: 10 nM methylene blue; 1000: 1000 nM methylene blue. Numbers in the quadrats are percentage of each gated population. N = 3 per group. (C,D) Concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatants. Un: no stimulation. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+adenosine triphosphate (ATP): stimulation with LPS followed by ATP treatment. V: vehicle; 10~1000: methylene blue concentrations (nM). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 in comparison with stimulated cells of the vehicle group. (E–G) mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in cultured microglia. V: vehicle; M: 500 nM methylene blue. ***p < 0.001 in comparison with unstimulated cells of the vehicle group. N = 6–8 per group.