Table 1.
Characteristics of 164 elderly patients with hip fracture
| Characteristics | Intervention N = 32 |
Usual care N = 132 |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Age, mean ± SD | 83.8 ± 6.2 | 85.1 ± 6.7 | 0.28 |
| Men, n (%) | 7 (21.9) | 28 (21.2) | 1.00 |
| Institutional resident, n (%) | 7 (21.9) | 47 (35.6) | 0.15 |
| CCI, mean ± SD | 2.7 ± 1.6 | 2.0 ± 1.8 | 0.04 |
| Number of medications at admission | |||
| Total, mean ± SD | 9.2 ± 2.5 | 7.8 ± 2.5 | 0.01 |
| 5–8 medications, n (%) | 15 (46.9) | 88 (66.7) | 0.04 |
| 9–12 medications, n (%) | 13 (40.6) | 38 (28.8) | 0.21 |
| 13 or more medications, n (%) | 4 (12.5) | 6 (4.5) | 0.11 |
| Number of medications at discharge | |||
| Total, mean ± SD | 4.5 ± 2.6 | 6.8 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
| 0–4 medications, n (%) | 18 (56.3) | 21 (15.9) | < 0.001 |
| 5–8 medications, n (%) | 13 (40.6) | 85 (64.4) | 0.02 |
| 9–12 medications, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 23 (17.4) | 0.02 |
| 13 or more medications, n (%) | 1 (3.1) | 3 (2.3) | 1.00 |
| Fall-risk-increasing drugsa at admission | |||
| Total number, mean ± SD | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 2.6 ± 1.4 | 0.22 |
| 0–2 medications, n (%) | 13 (40.6) | 62 (47.0) | 0.56 |
| 3–5 medications, n (%) | 16 (50.0) | 65 (49.2) | 1.00 |
| 6 or more medications, n (%) | 1 (3.1) | 5 (3.8) | 1.00 |
| Fall-risk-increasing drugsa at discharge | |||
| Total number, mean ± SD | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 0.01 |
| 0–2 medications, n (%) | 27 (84.4) | 80 (60.6) | 0.01 |
| 3–5 medications, n (%) | 5 (15.6) | 50 (37.9) | 0.02 |
| 6 or more medications, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.5) | 1.00 |
| PIMsb at admission | |||
| Total number, mean ± SD | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 0.19 |
| 0–1 medication, n (%) | 17 (53.1) | 83 (62.9) | 0.32 |
| 2–3 medications, n (%) | 15 (46.9) | 44 (33.3) | 0.22 |
| 4 or more medications, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (3.8) | 0.58 |
| PIMsb at discharge | |||
| Total number, mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 0.03 |
| 0–1 medication, n (%) | 27 (84.4) | 89 (67.4) | 0.08 |
| 2–3 medications, n (%) | 5 (15.6) | 41 (31.1) | 0.12 |
| 4 or more medications, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.5) | 1.00 |
| Past medical history, n (%) | |||
| Dementia | 14 (43.8) | 55 (41.7) | 0.84 |
| Heart diseasec | 5 (15.6) | 28 (21.2) | 0.63 |
| Stroke | 11 (34.4) | 28 (21.2) | 0.16 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (18.6) | 35 (26.5) | 0.50 |
| Hip fracture | 2 (6.3) | 19 (14.4) | 0.37 |
| Any fracture | 14 (43.8) | 44 (33.3) | 0.31 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1 (3.1) | 11 (8.3) | 0.46 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 3 (9.4) | 10 (7.6) | 0.72 |
| Type of hip fracture, n (%) | |||
| Intracapsular fracture | 17 (53.1) | 60 (45.5) | 0.55 |
| Intertrochanteric fracture | 11 (36.7) | 67 (50.8) | 0.12 |
| Subtrochanteric fracture | 4 (12.5) | 4 (3.0) | 0.05 |
| Others | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | 1.00 |
| Management during admission | |||
| Surgery, n (%) | 31 (96.9) | 129 (97.7) | 0.58 |
| VTE prophylaxis, n (%) | 32 (100) | 130 (98.5) | 1.00 |
| Perioperative antibiotics, n (%) | 31 (100) | 129 (100) | 1.00 |
| Medical consultationd, n (%) | 7 (21.9) | 41 (31.7) | 0.39 |
| Osteoporosis treatment, n (%) | |||
| PTH analogue | 2 (6.3) | 2 (1.5) | 0.17 |
| Bisphosphonate | 3 (9.4) | 6 (4.5) | 0.38 |
| Vitamin D | 3 (9.4) | 21 (15.9) | 0.42 |
aFall-risk-increasing drugs included antihypertensives, alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists, opioids, dopaminergic agents, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics and antidepressants
bPIMs were defined based on the 2015 American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria
cHeart disease included angina, myocardial infarction and heart failure
dThis category included consultation about medical problems other than polypharmacy