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. 2017 Dec 16;18:536. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1898-1

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Process of mechanical testing and finite element analysis. A proximal femur is sawed 12 cm distal from the tip of the greater trochanter, sloping 20° in the coronal plane to the shaft axis (a). The distal 3 cm of the specimen is fixed using resin cement and a ‘resin cap’ is placed on the femoral head (b). The force is applied at a fixed vertical displacement (c) until the proximal femoral fracture occurs (d). The model of the proximal femur is made (e), is angled and fixed at the distal end with a resin cap on the femoral head (f). A compressive load was applied (g) until predicted fracture (h)