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. 2017 Dec 13;5:e4109. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4109

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©2017 Salazar-Degracia et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

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(A) Representative examples of the localitzation of leukocyte and a macrophage with white arrows in the diaphragm of cancer-cachexia group. Note that the concentration of inflammatory cells is extremely low in the muscle cross sections. (B) Mean values and standard deviation of the number CD45+ cells in the diaphragm (black bars) and gastrocnemius (grey bars) muscles as measured by number of CD45+ cells per area (mm²). Definition of abbreviations: F, formoterol. Statistical significance is represented as follow: * p ≤ 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.01 between non-cachexia controls and cancer-cachexia rats; §§ p ≤ 0.01 between cancer-cachexia rats and cancer-cachexia rats treated with formoterol. (C) Mean values and standard deviation of the number CD68+ cells in the diaphragm (black bars) and gastrocnemius (grey bars) muscles as measured by number of CD68+ cells per area (mm²). Definition of abbreviations: F, formoterol. Statistical significance is represented as follow: * p ≤ 0.05 and ** p ≤ 0.01 between non-cachexia controls and cancer-cachexia rats; § p ≤ 0.05 between cancer-cachexia rats and cancer-cachexia rats treated with formoterol. (D) Mean values and standard deviation of the number of inflammatory cells (CD45+ and CD68+) in the diaphragm (black bars) and gastrocnemius (grey bars) muscles as measured by number of inflammatory cells per area (mm²). Definition of abbreviations: F, formoterol. Statistical significance is represented as follow: ** p ≤ 0.01 between non-cachexia controls and cancer-cachexia rats; §§ p ≤ 0.01 between cancer-cachexia rats and cancer-cachexia rats treated with formoterol.