Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants according to glucose.
| Men | women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-diabetes | diabetes | Non-diabetes | diabetes | |
| Number (%) | 1793 (87.0) | 268 (13.0) | 2607 (88.3) | 344 (11.7) |
| Age (years) | 50.3 (49.8, 50.8) | 55.2 (53.9, 56.5)ǂ | 49.7 (49.3, 50.1) | 56.8 (55.7, 57.9)ǂ |
| Urban living | 587 (32.7) | 107 (39.9)* | 1436 (55.1) | 178 (57.1) |
| Married, n (%) | 1706 (96.4) | 248 (93.9) | 2448 (95.0) | 298 (88.4)ǂ |
| School years > 9 (%) | 673 (37.7) | 89 (33.6) | 836 (32.2) | 60 (17.5)ǂ |
| Current Smoking (yes, %) | 924 (51.7) | 144 (54.1) | 30 (1.2) | 7 (2.1) |
| Alcohol-drinking (yes, %) | 788 (44.1) | 134 (50.2) | 40 (1.5) | 2 (0.6) |
| Family history of diabetes (yes, %) | 245 (14.6) | 62 (24.0)ǂ | 473 (19.1) | 79 (23.7)* |
| Income (CNY/month), n (%) | ||||
| ≤ 599 | 595 (34.2) | 95 (36.4) | 1188 (47.4) | 174 (52.3)* |
| 600–1999 | 847 (48.7) | 135 (51.7) | 1179 (47.0) | 155 (46.5) |
| ≥ 2000 | 292 (17.1) | 31 (11.9) | 141 (5.6) | 4 (1.2) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.1 (25.0, 25.3) | 26.0 (25.6, 26.4)ǂ | 25.4 (25.3, 25.5) | 26.7 (26.3, 27.0)ǂ |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.2 (85.8, 86.7) | 89.0 (87.8, 90.2)ǂ | 82.0 (81.7, 82.4) | 85.3 (84.3, 86.3)ǂ |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133.3 (132.4, 134.1) | 138.7 (136.5, 140.9)ǂ | 131.0 (130.2, 131.8) | 138.5 (136.3, 140.7)ǂ |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 86.1 (85.6, 86.7) | 88.0 (86.5, 89.4)* | 83.2 (82.8, 83.6) | 85.9(84.7, 87.2)ǂ |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.48 (5.42, 5.53) | 7.59 (7.44, 7.74)ǂ | 5.46 (5.43, 5.49) | 7.26 (7.17, 7.36)ǂ |
| 2 hours post-load plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 6.42 (6.30, 6.53) | 12.16 (11.86, 12.46)ǂ | 6.75 (6.67, 6.83) | 12.80 (12.57, 13.03)ǂ |
| Glycatedhaemoglobin (%) | 4.39 (4.34, 4.43) | 5.12 (5.00, 5.23)ǂ | 4.37 (4.33, 4.40) | 5.06 (4.96, 5.17)ǂ |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.63 (1.61, 1.65) | 1.63 (1.57, 1.68) | 1.67 (1.65, 1.68) | 1.59 (1.55, 1.63)ǂ |
| Alanine amino transferase (U/L) | 16.96 (16.22, 17.62) | 21.45 (19.63, 23.27)ǂ | 14.34 (13.87, 14.81) | 16.36 (15.04, 17.69)* |
| Gamma-glutamyltransferase (U/L) | 36.22 (32.88, 38.56) | 56.09 (50.00, 62.18)ǂ | 18.52 (17.84, 19.20) | 26.47 (24.55, 28.38)ǂ |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.40 (1.35, 1.46) | 1.93 (1.80, 2.07)ǂ | 1.30 (1.25, 1.31) | 1.88 (1.73, 2.03)ǂ |
| Normal TG | 1365 (76.1) | 168 (62.7)ǂ | 2070 (79.4) | 195 (56.7)ǂ |
| Borderline high TG | 209 (11.7) | 47 (17.5) | 326 (12.5) | 66 (19.2) |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 219 (12.2) | 53 (19.8) | 211 (8.1) | 83 (24.1) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.23 (5.18, 5.27) | 5.67 (5.55, 5.79)ǂ | 5.29 (5.25, 5.32) | 5.62 (5.51, 5.72)ǂ |
| Normal TC | 925 (51.6) | 85 (31.7)ǂ | 1288 (49.4) | 106 (30.8) |
| Borderline high TC | 619 (34.5) | 102 (38.1) | 875 (33.6) | 110 (32.0) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 249 (13.9) | 81 (30.2) | 444 (17.0) | 128 (37.2) |
Data are age-adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) or n (%) as indicated. *P < 0.05, ǂ< 0.001, non-diabetes versus diabetes within the same gender