Table 2. Cytotoxic activity of piplartine-containing ruthenium complexes.
| Cells | IC50 in μM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DOX | OXA | PL | 1 | 2 | |
| Cancer cells | |||||
| HCT116 | 0.2 0.1 - 0.3 |
4.1 2.3 - 5.5 |
6.4 3.2 – 9.5 |
1.7 1.5 - 2.0 |
5.5 4.7 - 6.4 |
| HepG2 | 0.2 0.2 - 0.3 |
2.2 1.3 – 3.8 |
6.3 4.4 – 8.8 |
1.7 1.4 - 2.2 |
1.9 1.4 - 3.5 |
| HSC-3 | 0.5 0.3 - 0.6 |
3.3 1.4 – 7.8 |
7.4 3.1 – 11.3 |
0.6 0.5 - 0.9 |
1.3 0.8 - 2.3 |
| SCC-4 | 2.1 1.7 - 2.6 |
7.7 4.6 – 13.0 |
15.5 11.3 - 19.8 |
3.2 2.2 - 4.8 |
5.4 3.9 - 7.3 |
| SCC-9 | 2.6 2.0 - 3.3 |
N.d. | 16.5 14.2 - 19.0 |
4.4 3.3 - 5.9 |
6.8 5.3 - 8.8 |
| HL-60 | 0.2 0.2 - 0.3 |
0.6 0.1 – 0.8 |
13.3 4.1 – 18.7 |
3.4 1.8 - 6.3 |
4.5 2.9 – 7.0 |
| K-562 | 1.0 0.6 - 1.8 |
1.0 0.1 – 1.3 |
18.6 11.6 – 23.9 |
3.5 2.9 - 4.4 |
5.8 4.9 - 6.7 |
| B16-F10 | 0.02 0.01 - 0.07 |
2.2 1.2 - 4.1 |
10.6 6.9 - 16.1 |
2.8 2.0 - 3.8 |
4.1 3.0 - 5.4 |
| Non-cancer cells | |||||
| MRC-5 | 1.3 1.0 - 1.5 |
1.3 1.0 - 2.2 |
17.3 11.3 - 25.5 |
3.4 2.8 – 4.0 |
6.3 4.3 - 9.2 |
| PBMC | 5.4 3.1 - 9.4 |
9.4 6.5 - 11.4 |
34.2 28.1 - 43.9 |
1.8 1.1 - 3.2 |
3.2 1.8 - 5.9 |
Data are presented as IC50 values in μM and their respective 95% confidence interval obtained by nonlinear regression from at the least three independent experiments performed in duplicate, measured by alamar blue assay after 72h of incubation. Cancer cells: HCT116 (human colon carcinoma); HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma); HSC-3 (human oral squamous cell carcinoma); SCC-4 (human oral squamous cell carcinoma); SCC-9 (human oral squamous cell carcinoma); HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia); K-562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia); and B16-F10 (murine melanoma). Non-cancer cells: MRC-5 (human lung fibroblast) and PBMC (human peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Doxorubicin (DOX), oxaliplatin (OXA) and piplartine (PL) were used as the positive controls. N.d. Not determined.