Table 3. Univariate and multiple regression analysis of variables associated with mortality after open gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
| Univariate Analysis | Multiple Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P-value | |
| PCA type | ||||
| Intravenous | 1 | 1 | ||
| Epidural | 0.818 (0.655–1.021) | 0.075 | 0.695 (0.429–1.125) | 0.138 |
| Age | 1.007 (1.001–1.013) | 0.030 | 1.015 (1.003–1.027) | 0.016 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 1.110 (0.945–1.304) | 0.205 | 0.905 (0.590–1.389) | 0.649 |
| Height | 0.990 (0.981–0.999) | 0.028 | 0.989 (0.964–1.014) | 0.385 |
| Weight | 0.994 (0.986–1.001) | 0.086 | 0.997 (0.982–1.012) | 0.689 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| HTN | 1.029 (0.878–1.207) | 0.720 | 0.753 (0.555–1.021) | 0.068 |
| DM | 1.130 (0.933–1.369) | 0.210 | 1.148 (0.801–1.645) | 0.452 |
| Cancer stage | ||||
| I | 1 | 1 | ||
| II | 1.338 (1.016–1.762) | 0.038 | 1.745 (1.146–2.657) | 0.009 |
| III | 1.717 (1.367–2.156) | < 0.0001 | 2.193 (1.476–3.257) | < 0.001 |
| Tumor histology | ||||
| AWD | 1 | |||
| AMD | 0.949 (0.663–1.358) | 0.774 | ||
| APD | 1.220 (0.860–1.731) | 0.265 | ||
| Mucinous | 0.963 (0.591–1.568) | 0.879 | ||
| SRC | 1.157 (0.795–1.684) | 0.447 | ||
| Other | 1.103 (0.651–1.867) | 0.715 | ||
| Lymphovascular invasion | 1.198 (1.024–1.401) | 0.025 | 0.865 (0.657–1.139) | 0.302 |
| Resection method | ||||
| Subtotal | 1 | 1 | ||
| Total | 1.350 (1.165–1.565) | < 0.0001 | 1.473 (1.155–1.877) | 0.002 |
| Anesthetic | ||||
| Desflurane | 1.149 (0.928–1.425) | 0.203 | ||
| Enflurane | 0.418 (0.235–0.745) | 0.003 | 0.549 (0.297–1.012) | 0.055 |
| Isoflurane | 0.921 (0.782–1.083) | 0.318 | ||
| Sevoflurane | 1.118 (0.964–1.296) | 0.140 | ||
| N2O | 0.761 (0.610–0.950) | 0.016 | 1.087 (0.824–1.433) | 0.556 |
| Propofol 1% | 1.017 (0.864–1.198) | 0.837 | ||
| Thiopental sodium | 1.059 (0.895–1.252) | 0.505 | ||
| Other perioperative drugs | ||||
| Aspirin | 1.535 (0.493–4.775) | 0.459 | ||
| NSAIDs | 0.846 (0.729–0.981) | 0.027 | 1.074 (0.838–1.376) | 0.573 |
| Ephedrine | 1.151 (0.993–1.334) | 0.063 | 1.076 (0.836–1.385) | 0.569 |
| Phenylephrine | 1.455 (1.122–1.887) | 0.005 | 2.070 (1.169–3.664) | 0.013 |
| Norepinephrine | 1.740 (0.982–3.081) | 0.058 | 2.638 (1.040–6.690) | 0.041 |
| Esmolol | 1.252 (0.922–1.701) | 0.150 | ||
| Labetalol | 1.904 (1.099–3.299) | 0.022 | 10.623 (1.31–86.135) | 0.027 |
| Nicardipine | 1.366 (0.865–2.156) | 0.181 | ||
| Intraoperative fluid | ||||
| Colloid | 0.859 (0.724–1.020) | 0.083 | 0.758 (0.575–0.999) | 0.050 |
| Packed RBC | 1.300 (0.929–1.818) | 0.126 | ||
CI = Confidence Interval PCA = patient controlled analgesia, HTN = hypertension, DM = diabetes mellitus, RBC = red blood cells.