Table 2.
Synopsis of nucleotide ratios in filamentous fungi characterizing energy metabolism.
| Organism | Cultivation | Physiological status | EC | ATP/ADP | CRC | NADH/NAD+ | ARC | NADPH/NADP+ | PNF | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. ochrochloron CBS 123.824 | Chemostat | Glucose-limited | 0.94 ± 0.007 | 7.94 ± 1.157 | 0.19 ± 0.034 | 0.25 ± 0.036 | 0.53 ± 0.108 | 1.28 ± 0.629 | 0.37 ± 0.063 | Present study |
| Chemostat | Ammonium-limited | 0.92 ± 0.020 | 5.77 ± 1.409 | 0.19 ± 0.104 | 0.26 ± 0.218 | 0.71 ± 0.089 | 2.84 ± 1.296 | 0.44 ± 0.150 | Present study | |
| Chemostat | Phosphate-limited | 0.82 ± 0.075a | –a | – | – | – | – | – | Present study | |
| P. ochrochloron CBS 123.823 | Chemostat | Glucose-limited | 0.73 ± 0.037 | 1.79 ± 0.128 | – | – | – | – | – | Vrabl et al., 2009 |
| Chemostat | Ammonium-limited | 0.69 ± 0.014 | 1.61 ± 0.156 | – | – | – | – | – | Vrabl et al., 2009 | |
| T. aureoviride | Chemostat | Glucose-limited | 0.90 | 13.6 | – | – | – | – | – | Pitt and Bull, 1982 |
| Chemostat | Ammonium-limited | 0.92 | 8.15 | – | – | – | – | – | Pitt and Bull, 1982 | |
| P. chrysogenum DS17690 | Chemostat | Glucose-limited | 0.92 | 6.3 | – | – | – | – | – | Nasution et al., 2006b |
| P. chrysogenum | Bioreactor- batch | Unlimited growth | – | – | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.40 ± 0.05 | 0.56 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | Führer et al., 1980 |
| Monascus ruber ATCC 96218 | Bioreactor- batch | Fast growth period | – | – | 0.12b | 0.13–0.14b | 0.17–0.20b | 0.20–0.25b | 0.30 – 0.41b | Hajjaj et al., 1998 |
| A. nigerN400 CBS 120.4 | Unknown | Unknown | – | – | ≤ 0.1 | – | 0.2–0.5 | – | – | Witteveen et al., 1994 |
| A. niger B60 | Bioreactor- batch | Unlimited growth | – | – | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.37 ± 0.05 | 0.57 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | Führer et al., 1980 |
| Bioreactor- batch | Citric acid production | – | – | 0.14–0.18 | 0.12–0.18 | 0.36–0.39 | 0.58–0.63 | 0.30–0.38 | Führer et al., 1980 | |
| A. niger NW131 | Bioreactor- batch | Late exponential phase (48 h) | 0.897 | 5.51 | 0.012 | 0.012 | – | – | – | Ruijter and Visser, 1996 |
| N. crassa (various strains) | Shake flasks - batch | Mid exponential phase (various media) | – | – | 0.35 ± 0.03 | 0.57 ± 0.043 | 0.65 ± 0.05 | 1.87 ± 0.338 | 0.13 ± 0.024 | Brody, 1972c |
| P. notatum Westling (IMI 15378) | Bioreactor- batch | Initial vegetative mycelium | 0.58 ± 0.05 | 0.80 | 0.22 ± 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.45 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | Mosley et al., 1989c |
| Bioreactor- batch | 8 h vegetative mycelium | 0.64 ± 0.05 | 0.79 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.32 | 0.37 ± 0.05 | 0.53 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | Mosley et al., 1989c | |
| Bioreactor- batch | 8 h Ca2+ induced mycelium | 0.73 ± 0.02 | 1.10 | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.47 ± 0.20 | 1.09 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | Mosley et al., 1989c |
EC (Energy charge) calculated as ([ATP] + 0.5 [ADP])/([AMP] + [ADP] + [ATP]).
CRC (catabolic reduction charge) calculated as [NADH]/([NADH] + [NAD+]).
ARC (anabolic reduction charge) calculated as [NADPH]/([NADPH] + [NADP+]).
PNF (phosphorylated nucleotide fractions) calculated as ([NADP+] + [NADPH])/([NAD+] + [NADH]).
a
ADP below detection limit.
b
Results obtained with different quenching but same extraction methods.
c
Sampling and metabolic stop possibly too slow for these metabolites.