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. 2017 Dec 12;8:2431. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02431

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Role of SOCS proteins in the regulation of the signaling pathways induced by recognition of mycobacteria. Recognition of mycobacteria by the TLR 4 and TLR2. Mycobacteria activates the TLR 2/4 with a signaling cascade that results in the activation of NF-κB activated protein-1 (AP-1) via MyD88, MAL, and interleukin (IL)-1R-associated kinase (IRAK), resulting in the production of chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines particularly TNFα, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-12, and nitric oxide (Rajaram et al., 2014; Rottenberg and Carow, 2014; Zhao et al., 2014). Subsequently, the SOCS protein involved in the regulation of TLR signaling is accentuated in red.