Table 1.

Means, standard deviations, and correlations between research variables (PCF > 4.7).

Variables	M	SD	1	2	3	4
(1) Competence frustration in the preceding course	5.68	0.73	1
(2) Intrinsic motivation in the preceding course	3.66	1.13	-0.036	1
(3) Competence frustration in the history course	3.35	1.58	-0.05	0.139	1
(4) Intrinsic motivation in the history course	4.2	1.2	0.254∗	0.194	-0.273∗	1

^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. N = 78.